《教会证言》卷八的发表是为了应付基督复临安息日会所面对的一场最大的危机。仅在《教会证言》卷七发表了十五个月之后,就在1904年3月发表了卷八,证明了问题的紧迫性。在卷八发行时,还不知道潮流会转向何方。而今我们可以回顾并看明其可靠的指示为避免所面临的灾难发挥了重大的作用。
当我们教会的工作向全世界扩张,总会的改组为迅速稳定的发展提供了保障的时候,总部原来所在的密歇根州巴特尔克里克所形成的局面若不予以制止,就会摧毁基督复临安息日会信仰的根基。这一切来得是那么微妙,开始的时候人们察觉不到其危险性,因为错谬是披着“新亮光”的外衣出现的。
在接近世纪之交的时候,我们教会的某些工人,特别是医疗布道机构的领袖,在关于上帝位格的教导上,支持某些与圣经的清楚教导及教会立场不符的道理。可是这些道理却被说成是在理解信息上的一个进步。有人声称,若是这些道理得到普遍接受,就会使上帝的子民有一种光荣的经验,并会加速工作的结束。
这些泛神论的观点认为上帝不是统治宇宙的一个伟大位格,而是一种能力,一种力量,在自然界中可以看到并感觉到,且弥漫在空气中。他们混淆了上帝的能力和祂的位格,看上帝在阳光中,在花草树木中,在他们的同胞中。这些奇怪而诱人的观点在一次总会会议上公开提出来,在巴特尔克里克大学里也自由提倡,并在巴特尔克里克疗养院再三传讲。最后,这个“新亮光”成了基督复临安息日会的工人们非正式相聚或举行会议期间所讨论的话题。虽然教会领袖们深切关注这个问题,但他们制止这些泛神论道理的努力似乎差不多完全无效。
从1902年冬季到1903年冬季,这场运动得到了加强。随着一本以通俗的风格写成的关于生理和卫生的书籍的出版,这个问题变得急迫了。我们教会的主要医生以微妙的方式在该书中提出了这些观点。这本书要在安息日会复临信徒中广为销售,以筹集资金重建巴特尔克里克疗养院。教会领袖们似乎认为,在1903年春天召开的总会会议上肯定会涉及这场危机。届时他们希望怀爱伦就此发表明确的意见。但她每次发言似乎都很含蓄,只发表呼吁在工作中团结一致,同心协力的信息。总会会议结束了,问题还没有讨论。
几个月后,在1903年秋天,怀爱伦在异象中得到指示,要迅速而直接地对付泛神论的学说,并指出伴随着这些学说的臆测性和招魂术道理。在这场危机的高潮中,弟兄们在华盛顿召开的秋季会议上收到了她从加利福尼亚州发来的信件。大家都看出,上帝在指导并保护着祂的工作。根据预言之灵的信息,几乎所有人都采取立场站在真理一边。然而在工作园地中,还有困惑,不确定和混乱的现象存在。《教会证言》卷八传达了关于这个问题的信息,明确地界定了真理,与谬误形成了鲜明的对比。这场危机解决了,教会得救了。在这场危机中,单靠人力是无法保护教会的。
除了这场重大的教义论战之外,在《教会证言》卷八的年代还发生了其他的教会问题。载有关于我们出版社工作劝勉信息的《教会证言》卷七出版之后仅数周,《评论与通讯》出版社的工厂就被大火烧毁。这是巴特尔克里克的第二次大灾难,离疗养院被火烧毁不到十一个月。
随着这场损失而来的问题,比重建被烧毁的产业更大。多年以来,预言之灵的勉言一直呼吁信徒们从巴特尔克里克分散出来,把疗养院、学校和出版社建在别处。我们的信徒曾受到催促,不要大批聚集在工作的总部。为了响应这些勉言,原来的巴特尔克里克大学搬到了密歇根州贝里恩斯普林斯的乡间。现在《评论与通讯》的工厂既已被火烧毁,领袖们觉得这似乎就是一个合适的时机,把出版社的工作迁到别处,并朝这个方向采取了适当的步骤。
从一开始,总会的总部离《评论与通讯》的办公室就很近。二者似乎是不可分离的。计划搬迁一个就会涉及另一个。为了回应预言之灵的指导,最终在首都华盛顿的郊区找到了合适的地点,发现了可以接受的地产,于是出版社的工作和总会办公室就在1903年8月搬到了那个中心。
为了帮助安息日复临信徒明白那场导致烧毁出版社的灾难的原因,以及在新的地点,新的基础上重建这项工作的必要性,在卷八中提出了“经常重复的勉言”。
这些问题,包括我们的医疗工作,出版工作,以及教会的道理,都是很重要的,很容易使我们在世界各地的信徒偏离我们面前的主要任务——将永远的福音传给全世界。虽然《教会证言》卷八的发表主要是针对这些危机,给安息日复临信徒永远指明正确的路线,但怀爱伦还是作了积极的处理。本书的开篇不是我们所面对的问题,而是以《当前的机会》为题,以动人的语言阐述了《我们的工作》。接下来几章是《论使命》,《所应许的能力》,以及我们在国内外的工作,特别提到了“欧洲的工作。”上帝子民的心思意念若是因着臆测上帝的神性,狂热盲信,或因有关组织的糊涂观念,而转离那未完成的伟大任务,真理的大仇敌会多么高兴啊。但上帝的子民不可转离他们光照世界的工作。他们若关注这项工作,就会取得进展。
的确,在1902-1903年的危机中,有些人迷失了自己的道路。我们教会有些机构的财产受到了损失;但那场危机非但没有阻碍圣工,反而标志着伟大发展运动的开端。第四编《要警惕》中的警告,以及《重要的知识》里那几章里对真理的明确界定,将永远保守教会远离误导人的教训。本卷的其它勉言也很有益,直到世界的末日。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会
Volume 8 was published to meet a crisis—the greatest crisis which the Seventh-day Adventist church has ever faced. The urgency of the matter is evidenced in that the book came from the press in March, 1904, fifteen months after volume 7 was published. At the time of its issuance it was not known how the tide would turn. Today we can look back and see that its steadying instruction was a large factor in averting threatened disaster.?{8T 5.1}[1]
While the work of the denomination was reaching out to encompass the world, and while there had been a reorganization of the General Conference which made a rapid yet sound growth possible, developments in our old headquarters city of battle Creek, Michigan, took shape which, if they had been unchecked, would have led to the destruction of the very foundations of Seventh-day Adventist faith. It all came about in such a subtle way that its hazards were not detected at the outset, for error was presenting itself under the garb of “new light.”?{8T 5.2}[2]
Near the turn of the century, certain of the workers of the denomination, and especially the leader in the medical missionary interests, espoused certain teachings concerning the personality of God which were quite out of harmony with the clear teachings of the word of God and the positions of the church. Yet these teachings were set forth as an advancement in the understanding of the message, the general acceptance of which would, it was claimed, bring a glorious experience to the people of God and would hasten the finishing of the work.?{8T 5.3}[3]
These pantheistic views envisioned God not as a great personal being ruling the universe, but rather as a power, a force, seen and felt in nature and pervading the very atmosphere. Confusing the power of God with His personality, they saw God in the sunshine, in the flower, in the grass, in?the tree, and in their fellow human beings. These strange but entrancing views were publicly presented at one General Conference session, they were freely advocated in Battle Creek College, and were presented again and again in the Battle Creek Sanitarium. At length this “new light” became a topic of discussion when Seventh-day Adventist workers gathered informally or for seasons of counsel. While it was a matter of deep concern to the leaders of the church, their efforts to check these pantheistic teachings seemed almost wholly ineffective.?{8T 5.4}[4]
Through the winter of 1902-03 the movement gained momentum. Then the problem became acute with the publication of a book on physiology and hygiene written in popular style, in which the leading physician of the denomination set forth these views in a subtle way. The book was issued for wide sale by Seventh-day Adventists to aid in securing funds for the rebuilding of the Battle Creek Sanitarium. It seemed to the leaders of the church that the crisis would most surely be reached at the general conference session held in the spring of 1903, when they hoped Mrs. White would deal clearly with the matter. But each time she spoke she seemed to be restrained and presented a message calling for unity in the work and the need of pressing together in interest. When the General Conference session closed, the issue was still not met.?{8T 6.1}[5]
A few months later, in the autumn of 1903, Mrs. White was instructed in vision to meet promptly and squarely the pantheistic doctrines and to point out the dangers of the accompanying speculative and spiritistic teachings. Communications dispatched by her from California reached the brethren in autumn council session in Washington, D. C., at the peak of the crisis. All could now see that God was guiding and guarding his work, and in the light of the spirit of prophecy messages nearly all took their stand on the side of truth. In the field, however, there was perplexity, uncertainty, and?confusion.?Testimonies for the Church, Volume 8, bore a message on this matter which in certain terms defined the truth and thus left the error to stand out in bold contrast. The crisis was met, and the church was saved. No human power alone could have preserved the church in this crisis.?{8T 6.2}[6]
Besides this paramount doctrinal controversy, there were other church issues in the times of volume 8. Only a few weeks after volume 7 had come from the press, with its message of counsel regarding the work being done in our publishing houses, the factory of the Review and Herald Publishing Association was destroyed by fire. This was the second great disaster in Battle Creek and followed the sanitarium fire by less than eleven months.?{8T 7.1}[7]
There were problems incident to this loss much greater than that of replacing destroyed property. For years the spirit of prophecy counsels had called for a dispersion of believers from battle creek and the establishment of sanitarium, educational, and publishing interests elsewhere. Our people had been urged not to congregate in large numbers at the headquarters of the work. It was in response to these counsels that the old Battle Creek College had been moved to the country location of Berrien Springs, Michigan. Now with the manufacturing plant of the Review and Herald destroyed by fire, it seemed to the leaders to be a propitious time to relocate the work of the publishing house at some other point, and appropriate steps were taken in that direction.?{8T 7.2}[8] From the outset the General Conference headquarters had been located near the Review and Herald office. The two seemed inseparable. Any plan to move one would involve the other. In response to guidance through the spirit of prophecy, suitable locations were sought, and finally, in the suburbs of Washington, D. C., The nation’s capital, acceptable properties were found, and the work of the publishing house and the General Conference offices were moved to that center in August, 1903.?{8T 7.3}[9]
To help Seventh-day Adventists understand the background of the cause of the disaster which wiped out the publishing house, and the need of re-establishing the work on a new basis and in a new location, “Counsels Often Repeated” were set forth in volume 8.?{8T 8.1}[10]
These issues, involving our medical work, our publishing work, and the very doctrines of the church, were large and could easily divert the attention of our people around the world from the main task before us—that of carrying the everlasting gospel to all the world. Even though volume 8 was issued primarily to meet these crises, and to make the correct course forever clear to Seventh-day Adventists, Ellen White made a positive approach. The book opens, not with a picture of the problems confronting us, but rather with the section entitled “Present Opportunities” in which “Our Work” is set forth in appealing terms. Then follow chapters on “The Commission,” “The Power Promised,” and views of our responsibilities at home and abroad, with special mention of “The Work in Europe.” How it would have pleased the great enemy of truth if the minds and thoughts of the people of God could have been turned from the great unfinished task by speculations regarding the Godhead, by fanaticism, or by confused ideas of organization. But God’s people were not to be diverted from their work of enlightening the world. With their eyes on the work, advance moves were made.?{8T 8.2}[11]
True, some lost their way in the crisis of 1902-03. Certain institutional properties were lost to the denomination; but, rather than retarding the work, the crisis marked the opening of great aggressive movements. The warnings of the section “Be On Guard” and the clear delineation of truth in the group of chapters on “The Essential Knowledge” will ever serve to keep the church from misleading teachings, and the other counsels of volume 8 will be of benefit to the end of time.?{8T 8.3}[12]
The Trustees of the Ellen G. White Publications.[13]