在许多生理学家论述饮食与健康的密切关系之前几十年,怀爱伦在她的著作中就已清楚地指出我们的饮食与我们身体和属灵福利之间的联系。1863年以来,她在演讲和著作中经常谈到饮食和充分营养的重要性。她的勉言发表在小册子、书籍、我们教会的刊物和个人的证言中,对安息日复临信徒的饮食习惯发挥了强大的影响,并间接地给社会大众留下了深刻的印象。
怀爱伦有关食物和健康饮食的论述,曾于1926年编辑成书,作为洛马林达医学院营养学学生的教科书。初版题为《饮食与食物证言》,很快售完。
1938年,在怀爱伦著作托管委员会的安排下,扩编的新版以《论饮食》为题发行,被视为前书的第二版。1946年印行第三版时将版本缩小,以符合《基督化家庭书库》的格式。现为第四版,内容和页数均无变动。
这是一部特殊的选集
在编辑《论饮食》的资料时,编者努力搜集怀爱伦著作关于饮食问题的全部论述,使这本书在怀爱伦著作中独树一帜,因为各类勉言均按主题编排。各主题之间并没有连续性。
每一章均收集了怀爱伦相关主题的代表性论述,没有疏漏任何重要的文献。有时原著将健康教训的好几个方面放在一段里。在这种情况下,要提供全部的上下文就会有许多重复。通过交叉引证方法,我们将重复减少到最低程度。
虽然限于篇幅和为尽力避免重复,我们不宜将将怀爱伦关于饮食更广泛方面的每一句话全部收录,但本书已提供了怀爱伦全面的饮食教诲。
断章取义的危险
本书的结构有点象百科全书,各章独立,内容分类,便于读者参阅。然而百科全书的结构也容易使人对本书的内容产生误会。为了掌握作者的原意和她全部教导的意义,我们必须从整体上研究这本书。
读者务要记住,怀爱伦关于营养问题某些方面的论述,并没有充分详尽地发挥其意义,使人完全了解身体对于营养的需要。比如本书第314页的一句话引自《证言》卷二352页:“不用动物脂油烹调而尽可能保持自然本色的五谷水果,乃是凡宣称预备变化升天之人所应有的食物。”但根据怀爱伦的其他论述,我们可以清楚地看出她的原意并不是教导凡预备变化升天的人应当将饮食局限于“五谷水果“。这句话写在1869年发表反对肉食勉言的背景下,似乎用“五谷水果”来代表素食。句中没有提坚果、蔬菜或乳制品,但怀爱沦认为这一切都属于重要的均衡营养食品。
在本书314页的另一句话,写于约二十年后,说到“水果、五谷和蔬菜,……与牛奶或奶油一起烹制,……能营养身体,且使人有耐力和理智的活力。”这里没有提坚果。次页另一段写于1905年的话则说:“取消肉食之后,应代之以各种营养美味的谷物、蔬菜、坚果和水果。”这句话没有提到牛奶。但在第355页她发表于1909年的话中却说:“菜蔬中也当加一点牛奶或乳酪或相等的东西以增加滋味。……有的人因为拒用牛奶,鸡蛋和奶油,以致不能使身体得到适当的营养,结果竟衰弱而无力工作。这样,健康改良就要遭受非议了。”
还有许多其他的例子与上面相似,表明怀爱伦不一定在某一句话中列举营养食物的全部成分。我们需要细心理解她对每一个题目的完整观念,避免断章取义,以偏概全。
呼吁人人研究
怀爱伦不想因自己有关营养的论述而排斥人们潜心的研究,去寻找最佳最合适的饮食,并利用不断进步的知识,借助他人的经验和研究。她写道:
“为了使人体这部活机器的各部分可以和谐地运作,我们应当以保持身体健康为我们生活的学科。”——第18页
“自然律既是上帝的律法,我们显然就有本分仔细研究这些律法。我们应当研究这些律法中关于我们自己身体的各项要求,而予以顺从适应。忽略了这些事,便是犯罪。”——同上)
怀爱伦清楚地认识到,每一个人都应当有充分的见识,能利用营养学的研究成果,只要其结论与灵感的勉言相符。
极端的危险
怀爱伦毫不犹豫地指出极端、粗心、或懈于为家人预备充足饮食的危险。这可以从本书476页的话中看出。她说:母亲“所烹饪的食物若不适当或不合卫生,就会妨碍甚至破坏成人的效能和儿童的发育。”在同一段中她还呼吁所预备的饮食既要“适合身体的需要,又色味俱佳。”
当人们还没有充分理解乳制品可以包括在均衡营养的饮食之中时,怀爱伦则表示赞成乳制品,甚至告戒不可排除乳制品。今日的知识告诉我们,有些微量营养是人体功能所不可缺少的。我们更充分地得知这等营养成分有些显然不能从全素的饮食中获得,却充分存在于乳卵素食之中。这对于儿童的正常发育特别重要。怀爱伦说:“所烹饪的食物若不适当”,就会“破坏儿童的发育”。
快到二十世纪的时候,怀爱伦开始写道,在动物界的疾病越来越多之际,有朝一日所有的肉食,包括牛奶都要戒除(见第356,357页)。但她同时也一再警告人在这方面不可操之过急,并于1909年说:“ 时候将到,我们或须废除若干现在所采用的食品,……但我们却无需以过早与过分的限制来使自己为难。等到情势需要我们如此行时,主自会为这事开路的。”(第355至359页)
这种乳卵素食维持怀爱伦积极服务至八十八岁。
在研究时应运用合理的原则
在研究本书饮食的勉言时,要始终运用合理的原则。要用开明的态度来研究所有这些教训。这是一个宽广、统一和平衡的整体。每一个标题下的资料,要仔细全文阅读,彼此对照,以了解作者的完整观点。若感觉似有不协调之时,最好追根溯源,弄清背景。
读者还要效法怀爱伦的榜样,遵循本书第481页所列举的三项基本原
前言
在许多生理学家论述饮食与健康的密切关系之前几十年,怀爱伦在她的著作中就已清楚地指出我们的饮食与我们身体和属灵福利之间的联系。1863年以来,她在演讲和著作中经常谈到饮食和充分营养的重要性。她的勉言发表在小册子、书籍、我们教会的刊物和个人的证言中,对安息日复临信徒的饮食习惯发挥了强大的影响,并间接地给社会大众留下了深刻的印象。
怀爱伦有关食物和健康饮食的论述,曾于1926年编辑成书,作为洛马林达医学院营养学学生的教科书。初版题为《饮食与食物证言》,很快售完。
1938年,在怀爱伦著作托管委员会的安排下,扩编的新版以《论饮食》为题发行,被视为前书的第二版。1946年印行第三版时将版本缩小,以符合《基督化家庭书库》的格式。现为第四版,内容和页数均无变动。
这是一部特殊的选集
在编辑《论饮食》的资料时,编者努力搜集怀爱伦著作关于饮食问题的全部论述,使这本书在怀爱伦著作中独树一帜,因为各类勉言均按主题编排。各主题之间并没有连续性。
每一章均收集了怀爱伦相关主题的代表性论述,没有疏漏任何重要的文献。有时原著将健康教训的好几个方面放在一段里。在这种情况下,要提供全部的上下文就会有许多重复。通过交叉引证方法,我们将重复减少到最低程度。
虽然限于篇幅和为尽力避免重复,我们不宜将将怀爱伦关于饮食更广泛方面的每一句话全部收录,但本书已提供了怀爱伦全面的饮食教诲。
断章取义的危险
本书的结构有点象百科全书,各章独立,内容分类,便于读者参阅。然而百科全书的结构也容易使人对本书的内容产生误会。为了掌握作者的原意和她全部教导的意义,我们必须从整体上研究这本书。
读者务要记住,怀爱伦关于营养问题某些方面的论述,并没有充分详尽地发挥其意义,使人完全了解身体对于营养的需要。比如本书第314页的一句话引自《证言》卷二352页:“不用动物脂油烹调而尽可能保持自然本色的五谷水果,乃是凡宣称预备变化升天之人所应有的食物。”但根据怀爱伦的其他论述,我们可以清楚地看出她的原意并不是教导凡预备变化升天的人应当将饮食局限于“五谷水果“。这句话写在1869年发表反对肉食勉言的背景下,似乎用“五谷水果”来代表素食。句中没有提坚果、蔬菜或乳制品,但怀爱沦认为这一切都属于重要的均衡营养食品。
在本书314页的另一句话,写于约二十年后,说到“水果、五谷和蔬菜,……与牛奶或奶油一起烹制,……能营养身体,且使人有耐力和理智的活力。”这里没有提坚果。次页另一段写于1905年的话则说:“取消肉食之后,应代之以各种营养美味的谷物、蔬菜、坚果和水果。”这句话没有提到牛奶。但在第355页她发表于1909年的话中却说:“菜蔬中也当加一点牛奶或乳酪或相等的东西以增加滋味。……有的人因为拒用牛奶,鸡蛋和奶油,以致不能使身体得到适当的营养,结果竟衰弱而无力工作。这样,健康改良就要遭受非议了。”
还有许多其他的例子与上面相似,表明怀爱伦不一定在某一句话中列举营养食物的全部成分。我们需要细心理解她对每一个题目的完整观念,避免断章取义,以偏概全。
呼吁人人研究
怀爱伦不想因自己有关营养的论述而排斥人们潜心的研究,去寻找最佳最合适的饮食,并利用不断进步的知识,借助他人的经验和研究。她写道:
“为了使人体这部活机器的各部分可以和谐地运作,我们应当以保持身体健康为我们生活的学科。”——第18页
“自然律既是上帝的律法,我们显然就有本分仔细研究这些律法。我们应当研究这些律法中关于我们自己身体的各项要求,而予以顺从适应。忽略了这些事,便是犯罪。”——同上)
怀爱伦清楚地认识到,每一个人都应当有充分的见识,能利用营养学的研究成果,只要其结论与灵感的勉言相符。
极端的危险
怀爱伦毫不犹豫地指出极端、粗心、或懈于为家人预备充足饮食的危险。这可以从本书476页的话中看出。她说:母亲“所烹饪的食物若不适当或不合卫生,就会妨碍甚至破坏成人的效能和儿童的发育。”在同一段中她还呼吁所预备的饮食既要“适合身体的需要,又色味俱佳。”
当人们还没有充分理解乳制品可以包括在均衡营养的饮食之中时,怀爱伦则表示赞成乳制品,甚至告戒不可排除乳制品。今日的知识告诉我们,有些微量营养是人体功能所不可缺少的。我们更充分地得知这等营养成分有些显然不能从全素的饮食中获得,却充分存在于乳卵素食之中。这对于儿童的正常发育特别重要。怀爱伦说:“所烹饪的食物若不适当”,就会“破坏儿童的发育”。
快到二十世纪的时候,怀爱伦开始写道,在动物界的疾病越来越多之际,有朝一日所有的肉食,包括牛奶都要戒除(见第356,357页)。但她同时也一再警告人在这方面不可操之过急,并于1909年说:“ 时候将到,我们或须废除若干现在所采用的食品,……但我们却无需以过早与过分的限制来使自己为难。等到情势需要我们如此行时,主自会为这事开路的。”(第355至359页)
这种乳卵素食维持怀爱伦积极服务至八十八岁。
在研究时应运用合理的原则
在研究本书饮食的勉言时,要始终运用合理的原则。要用开明的态度来研究所有这些教训。这是一个宽广、统一和平衡的整体。每一个标题下的资料,要仔细全文阅读,彼此对照,以了解作者的完整观点。若感觉似有不协调之时,最好追根溯源,弄清背景。
读者还要效法怀爱伦的榜样,遵循本书第481页所列举的三项基本原则:
1、“饮食改良要循序渐进。”——《服务真诠》第320页
2、“我们在饮食上,不规划出一成不变的方针。”——《证言》卷九159页
3、“我没有用自己来作为别人的标准。”——《信函》1903年第45号
显示健康改良的价值
真正的健康改良会因其通情达理而展示自身的价值。它的后果将在良好的健康、力量、芬芳的气息和幸福的意识上表现出来;甚至属灵的生命也因良好的健康习惯而旺盛。怀爱伦的灵感之笔给安息日复临信徒带来了许多重要的原则,甚至细节的指导。科学研究的进展为此提供了充分的证明。这是有目共睹的。
祈愿本书能帮助读者获得身心更佳的健康。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会
于美国首都华盛顿
1976年9月17日
则:
1、“饮食改良要循序渐进。”——《服务真诠》第320页
2、“我们在饮食上,不规划出一成不变的方针。”——《证言》卷九159页
3、“我没有用自己来作为别人的标准。”——《信函》1903年第45号
显示健康改良的价值
真正的健康改良会因其通情达理而展示自身的价值。它的后果将在良好的健康、力量、芬芳的气息和幸福的意识上表现出来;甚至属灵的生命也因良好的健康习惯而旺盛。怀爱伦的灵感之笔给安息日复临信徒带来了许多重要的原则,甚至细节的指导。科学研究的进展为此提供了充分的证明。这是有目共睹的。
祈愿本书能帮助读者获得身心更佳的健康。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会
于美国首都华盛顿
1976年9月17日
[Note: It is a matter of historical record that Seventh-day Adventist health institutions in their early days served flesh meat in a greater or lesser degree to patients and helpers. The reform in this phase of healthful living was progressive. In the older institutions, after a long struggle, flesh meat was eventually discarded from all tables. In the case of the Battle Creek Sanitarium this step was taken in 1898, largely in response to counsel from Mrs. White’s pen appearing in this chapter (722). At the St. Helena Sanitarium the change took place in 1903. By this time education in the matter of a nonflesh diet had spread widely, and flesh was left out of the dietary of the guests with less difficulty than if it had been excluded at an earlier date. It was a joy to the managers of the older institutions to know that in the new plants opened at about this time, flesh food was not served to the patients.][1]
Decades before many physiologists were concerned with the close relationship between diet and health, Ellen G. White in her writings clearly pointed out the connection between the food we eat and our physical and spiritual welfare. In her discourses and writings from 1863 onward, she discussed frequently the importance of diet and adequate nutrition. Her counsels, as preserved in pamphlets and books, in the journals of the denomination, and in personal testimonies, have exerted a strong influence on the dietetic habits of Seventh-day Adventists, and indirectly have left their impress upon the general public.?{CD 3.1}[2]
Mrs. White’s writings regarding foods and a healthful diet were drawn together in 1926 in a topically arranged work designed to serve primarily as a textbook for students of dietetics at the College of Medical Evangelists at Loma Linda. This initial printing, titled?Testimony Studies on Diet and Foods,?was soon exhausted.?{CD 3.2}[3]
A new and enlarged volume, titled?Counsels on Diet and Foods,?Appeared in 1938. It was referred to as a “second edition,” and was prepared under the direction of the Board of Trustees of the Ellen G. White Estate. A third edition, printed in a smaller page size to conform to the requirements of the Christian Home Library series, was published in 1946. The present edition is the fourth, and involves no change in text or pagination.?{CD 3.3}[4]
【This Is a Unique Compilation】
In assembling the materials comprising?Counsels on Diet and Foods,?an effort was made to include the full range of instruction on the subject from Mrs. White’s pen. The resulting compilation is unique among the Ellen G. White books,?for it presents the counsels clustered topically under a general heading, with no attempt to provide a continuity in reading.?{CD 3.4}[5]
Each section contains the E. G. White materials that, assembled, make a representative presentation of the topic dealt with. Nothing that would make a substantial contribution has been ignored. Often in the original sources many phases of health instruction are treated together in one paragraph. To give all the context in such cases would have involved considerable repetition. Through the use of cross references such repetition is minimized.?{CD 4.1}[6]
While the limitations of space and the effort to avoid repetition have made it inadvisable to include every statement on the more general phases of the diet question, a complete and comprehensive presentation of the E. G. White teachings has been given.?{CD 4.2}[7]
【Peril of Taking a Part for the Whole】
The fact that this volume is constructed somewhat like an encyclopedia, isolating the major presentations and grouping them by topic, makes it a convenient reference work. But the encyclopedia design also makes the book one that may easily be misused. To gain the author’s intent and the full impact of all her teachings, it is imperative that the book be studied as a whole.?{CD 4.3}[8]
The reader should bear in mind that a single Ellen White statement on some phase of the subject of nutrition may come far short of expressing her full intent and understanding of the nutritional needs of the body. For example, in a sentence appearing on page 314 of this book, taken from?Testimonies for the Church?2:352, she says: “Grains and fruits prepared free from grease, and in as natural a condition as possible, should be the food for the tables of all who claim to be preparing for translation.” In the light of other of her statements, clearly it was not Mrs. White’s intent to teach that those preparing for translation should reduce their diet to simply” grains and fruits.” Penned in 1869 in the setting of counsel against the use of meat, this statement seems to make “grains and fruits” stand for the nonmeat diet. The?statement does not mention nuts, vegetables, or dairy products, all of which Ellen White recognized as important to a balanced nutritional program.?{CD 4.4}[9]
Another statement on the same page (314), written some twenty years later, in delineating a diet intended to impart nourishment and give endurance and vigor of intellect, mentions “fruit, grains, and vegetables” prepared with “milk or cream.” Nuts are not mentioned. Across the page in another paragraph written in 1905, “Grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits” are listed as taking the place of meat. In this statement milk is not mentioned. Yet milk is included in her 1909 statement that appears on page 355: “Vegetables should be made palatable with a little milk or cream, or something equivalent.... Some, in abstaining from milk, eggs, and butter, have failed to supply the system with proper nourishment, and as a consequence have become weak and unable to work. Thus health reform is brought into disrepute.”?{CD 5.1}[10]
There are a number of other instances similar to those cited above where Ellen White does not in a given statement enumerate all the elements of an adequate diet. Care must be exercised to get her complete thought on each subject. An isolated statement should not be used by itself, lest the part be taken for the whole.?{CD 5.2}[11]
【A Call for Everyone to Study】
Ellen White did not intend that her writings along nutritional lines should exclude the need for earnest study to find the best and most agreeable diet, taking advantage of a growing knowledge, and the experience and investigation of others. She wrote:?{CD 5.3}[12]
“To keep the body in a healthy condition, in order that all parts of the living machinery may act harmoniously, should be the study of our life.”—Page 18.?{CD 5.4}[13]
“It is plainly our duty to give these [nature’s] laws careful study. We should study their requirements in regard to our own bodies, and conform to them. Ignorance in these things is sin.”—Ibid.?{CD 5.5}[14]
Clearly Mrs. White felt that each person should become well informed, taking advantage of the advancements of science?in nutritional investigations, so long as the conclusions harmonize with the counsels given through inspiration.?{CD 5.6}[15]
【The Hazards of Extremes】
Ellen White was not slow to point out the hazards of extremes, or inattention, or laxity in providing an adequate diet for the family. This fact is illustrated by the statement that the mother “by ill-prepared, unwholesome food” might actually “hinder and even ruin both the adult’s usefulness and the child’s development” (p. 476). In the same statement she called for “providing food adapted to the needs of the body, and at the same time inviting and palatable.”?{CD 6.1}[16]
While the reasons for including some dairy products in a balanced, adequate diet were not fully understood, Ellen White spoke in favor of them, and even cautioned against eliminating them. Today in the light of the knowledge that certain minute nutrients are vital to body functions, we have a better understanding. Some of these nutrients, while apparently not present in all-vegetable diet, are available in adequate amounts in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. This is particularly important to children whose proper development Ellen White stated might be hindered by “ill-prepared unwholesome food.”?{CD 6.2}[17]
Near the turn of the century Ellen White began to write that because of accumulating disease in the animal kingdom all animal foods, including milk, will in time have to be given up (see pp. 356, 357); yet at the same time she repeatedly cautioned against premature steps in this direction and in 1909 declared that the time will come when such?may?be necessary, but urged against creating perplexity by “pre-mature and extreme restrictions.” She counseled that we “wait until the circumstances demand it, and the Lord prepares the way for it” (pp. 355-359).?{CD 6.3}[18]
It was the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet that sustained Ellen White in active service well into her eighty-eighth year.?{CD 6.4}[19]
【Employ Sound Principles in Study】
Certain sound principles must ever be applied in the study of the dietary counsels found in this book. All the?instructions, as a broad, consistent, well-balanced whole, should be studied with an open mind. Care should be taken to read the entire statement on a given topic. Then, to gain the full intent of the author, statement should be put with statement. If one statement does not seem to accord with another, the student would do well to trace one, or both, to the original settings.?{CD 6.5}[20]
The student should also follow Ellen White’s example in recognizing three basic principles as enumerated on page 481:?{CD 7.1}[21]
1. “The diet reform should be progressive.”—The Ministry of Healing, 320.?{CD 7.2}[22]
2. “We do not mark out any precise line to be followed in diet.”—Testimonies for the Church?9:159.?{CD 7.3}[23]
3. “I make myself a criterion for no one else.”—Letter 45, 1903.?{CD 7.4}[24]
【A Recommendation for Health Reform】
True diet reform will recommend itself because of its good sense. Its fruitage will be seen in good health, strength, a sweet breath, and a sense of well-being. Even the spiritual life may be aided by good health habits. It has been gratifying to witness, through the onward march of scientific study, a full substantiation of many great principles and even minute points of instruction revealed to Seventh-day Adventists through Ellen White’s inspired pen.{CD 7.5}[25]
That this volume may aid its readers in obtaining better health, both physical and spiritual, is our sincere wish.?{CD 7.6}[26]
The Trustees of the Ellen G. White Estate Washington, D. C.September 17, 1976[27]
【Dates of Writing or First Publication】
As an aid to the student, the date of writing or of first publication of each selection is indicated in connection with the source reference. Where articles have been drawn from published volumes, the date of publication appears preceding the reference. In the case of the matter drawn from the periodical articles and the manuscript files, the year of writing or of first publication forms a part of the source reference.?{CD 11.1}[28] In a number of instances the articles drawn from later books, such as “Counsels on health,” Appeared first in works now out of print. The reference to the current work is given, but the information as to the first publication of the article is noted in parentheses in connection with the source reference.?{CD 11.2}[29]
Compilers.[30]