家庭和教会学校手册
HOME AND CHURCH SCHOOL MANUAL
(缩略语：T.—《证言》; G. W.—《传道良助》; C. E.《基督化教育》; P. C.—《私人文选》; Sp. T. on Ed.—《教育特别证言》)
第一章 世俗教育和基督化教育
“这世界的智慧，在上帝看是愚拙”(林前3:19)。{PH140 5.1}
分别善恶树代表世俗的学校
“我们学校所采用的教育是遵从上帝的旨意，还是遵从主称之为愚拙的世俗智慧呢?学生的心会不会因吃了分别善恶树的果子而同上帝疏远，导致顽梗悖逆，向往虚荣与骄傲呢?我们学校的教育岂不要传授更明确的圣经知识，使人与上帝建立至关重要的联系，始终把上帝摆在眼前，在心中唤起各种更佳的情感吗?这种教育乃是持续到永恒的教育。”(《私人文选》){PH140 5.2}
生死攸关的问题
“在这个时代，我们不能同意我们的年轻人承受着学习真理却混杂着错谬的后果。毕业后的学生如果没有感受到以圣经为首，将之置于其它各学科之上的重要性，就无法在危险的当前胜任教师的工作。如何获得上帝知识的问题对于所有的人来说都是生死攸关的问题。”(同上){PH140 5.3}
我们的学校需要改革
我们很容易流于世俗的计划、方法和习惯，像挪亚时代的人们一样，不考虑我们所生活的时代或所要完成的伟大工作。有一种常在的危险，就是我们的机构会重蹈犹太人的覆辙，遵守上帝没规定的风俗、惯例和传统。有些人顽强坚决地抱住旧的习惯，并且热爱研究各种不必要的东西，仿佛教师和学生的得救有赖于多年来在学校所设置的课程。他们既这样做，就背离了上帝在圣经中所赐的特别亮光，并提供给学生一种有缺陷的教育。(U.T.《教育工作需要改革》){PH140 6.1}
基督化教育和永生
现在我们需要前所未有地明白真正的教育学。我们若不明白这个，就决不会在上帝的国里有一席之地。“认识祢独一的真神，并且认识祢所差来的耶稣基督，这就是永生”(约17:3)。既然这是天国的代价，我们的教育岂不应该在这些方面开办吗?(P.C. 1897年7月8日){PH140 6.2}
是顺服的时候了
主所指示有关我们的学校应施的教育，我们必须严格地予以重视;因为如果不是在某些方面应与我们某些学校所实行教育的大有分别的话，那么，我们就不需要花钱买地建筑校舍了。(U.T.《教育工作需要改革》){PH140 7.1}
年龄不能使错谬变为真理
“长久习惯于世俗的行为之后，再施行正确的原则是非常困难的，但必须使改革深入人的内心灵魂和意志。错谬可能会年深日久，但年龄不能使错谬变为真理，也不能使真理变为错谬。旧的习惯和行为已经沿袭得太久了。主现在希望老师和学生能抛弃每一个错误的想法。”(同上){PH140 7.2}
伊甸园是亚当的课堂
“伊甸园不单单是亚当的住处，更是他的课堂。这个课堂里和世上的学校一样，种着两棵树，一棵是生命树，结着真教育的果子，另一棵是分别善恶树，结着所谓科学的果子。所有与基督建立了联系的人都有权接近生命树。这是世人所不知道的知识泉源。在罪恶进入这个世界之后，天上的农夫将生命树移栽到了天上的乐园，但其枝桠伸出墙外，触及到了地上。藉着上帝儿子宝血的赎回，世人现在能分享其赐生命的果实。分别善恶树扎根在地上，是属于地上的，是世俗的。凡尝过天上果实，尝过生命之粮的人，应与上帝同工，将别人的视线从分别善恶树转到生命之树，使他们也能分享生命树的果实。”(《私人文选》 ){PH140 7.3}
基督化教育适应各种职业
“不论父母认为他们的儿女适合于什么职业，无论他们希望儿女成为工厂主、农场主、技工，还是其他专业人士，他们都会从这项教育训练中获得很大的益处。你们的孩子在学校应有学习圣经的机会。”(同上){PH140 8.1}
孩子的功课需要改革
“需要下决心对我们学校儿童和青少年的功课进行改良。学生们没有领受他们所需要的功课。我们不可以只是因为习惯，就随便教授迎合世界标准，而不是教会标准的课程。……主已经表明，那些把人的智慧放在上帝活泼圣言的位置上的人，必须进行改革。人的智慧是愚蠢的，因为它不理解上帝的全部天意，而上帝的天意是永恒的。人们必须查考圣经，以这道为食，以便得到净化，预备成为王室成员，天上君王的儿女。从一开始，安息日复临信徒开办的学校就应该以上帝的道为教材，在这么做的时候，教师和学生才会发现隐藏的珍宝，就是高等的教育。主所说的话要认真执行。”(私人文选：《教育工作需要改革》){PH140 8.2}
不要摘分别善恶树的果子
“一代又一代的人出于好奇心而去寻求分别善恶树，他们总是觉得摘分别善恶树的果子是必须的，但他们却像所罗门那样，发现与向他们开启上帝之城门户的真圣洁的科学相比，分别善恶树的果子完全是空虚无意义的。人的野心一直在寻求那种会带来抬举自我、荣耀和霸权的知识。……其结果造成了多世纪的黑暗与错谬。人们采用人的理论，像我们先祖被撒但诱惑吃善恶树果子那样，觉得自己这样就能变得如同上帝。但这些观点与圣经是相悖的。……这一个，圣经，才是生命树，那一个是分别善恶树所结的禁果，任何摘取并食用禁果的人都会产生错乱的幻想。”(私人文选：《分别善恶树》){PH140 9.1}
为什么需要基督化的学校
建立我们自己的教育机构的原因之一，就是父母们不能抵消儿女在公立学校中所受教育的影响，那些学校所教的错误正在把青年带入歧途。那能对青年和儿童的心智带来强烈影响的，莫过于那些在教导他们科学原理的人了。因此，我们显然必须建立学校，使我们的孩子可以在真理的道上受教育。……在我们的学府中，要发挥一种抵消世界影响的感化力，丝毫不鼓励在食欲上放纵、自私地满足感官享受、骄傲、野心、爱打扮爱炫耀、爱受人赞美奉承、力求因学习好而得到很高的奖赏和尊荣。我们的学校中要阻止这一切的事。这些事虽然不可能避免，但把他们送到公立学校，就会使他们天天在那里接触到污染他们道德品质的事。世界各地都极其忽视正确的家庭训练，以致在公立学校的学生大多是浪子，践行恶习。(1894年1月9日){PH140 10.1}
在公立学校里无法教圣经
“一所学校若要充满道德和宗教的气氛，就必须认识上帝的话。一些人主张，若把宗教教导列在首要地位，我们的学校就会不受欢迎;那些与我们有不同信仰的人，就不会到我们的大学中来。好极了!那就让他们到别的大学去吧，在那里他们会找到合乎他们口味的教育制度。我们学校的创办，并不只是为了教授各门学科，而是要传授上帝之道的伟大原则，和每日生活的实际义务。这种教育是现代最需要的。如果属世的影响要左右我们的学校，那就干脆把它卖给世俗之徒，让他们去完全接管，而原先投资建立该校的人，要另创办一所学校，不照一般学校的方法，也不照教师校长的心愿，而是执行上帝所指定的方针。……普通学校的教育体系忽略了教育最重要的部分，就是圣经的宗教。教育不仅在很大的程度上影响学生今生的生活，其影响还要延续到永恒。”(《证言》卷五25页){PH140 11.1}
普通学校的影响
“他们从公立学校的老师那里接受了与真理相反的观念。不仅如此，他们还因与没有受过训练的孩子们结交而接受了错误的教育，竟被撇下去获得街头教育。撒但利用这些孩子去教育受到更细心养育的孩子。在守安息日的父母知道孩子在做什么恶事之前，孩子就已学会了堕落的功课。他们儿女的心灵被败坏了。……我宁愿孩子们在成长的过程中在某种程度上不了解今日的学校教育，而运用其它的方法来教育他们。”(私人文选){PH140 11.2}
教师和教训
真教育，并不只是学习某门课程，它的范围是很广泛的。它包括身体、心智各方面才能的均衡发展。它教导人敬爱上帝，并为忠心履行人生的本分作好准备。{PH140 12.1}
有一种教育，在本质上是世俗化的。它的目的是世俗方面的成功，满足自私的奢望。为了接受这种教育，许多学生枉费了光阴和钱财，心里装满了许多无关重要的知识。世人把他们看作是有学问的，但他们的思想中，没有上帝。他们从属世的知识树上取食，其上的果子只能产生并助长人的骄傲。他们逐渐悖逆并远离上帝。他们把上帝所赐的才能，用在仇敌的一边。现代的许多教育都是具有这种性质。世人或许以为它是非常值得追求的，但它只能增加学生的危险。{PH140 12.2}
另有一种教育与此大不相同。世界有史以来最伟大的教师为它指出了基本的原理，就是：“你们要先求祂的国和祂的义”(太6:33)。它的目的不是自私的。它的宗旨是尊荣上帝，在世上事奉祂。功课的学习和实业的训练，都不偏离这个目标。这种教育研究上帝的话，与上帝保持活泼的联系，并操练更美的情感和品格的特性。这种教育必产生永久的成果。因为“敬畏耶和华是智慧的开端”(箴9:10)，认识祂的话，比一切知识更好。(《教育特别证言》47、48页){PH140 12.3}
PH140 - Home and Church School Manual
《Chapter 1—Worldly and Christian Education》
“For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God.”—1 Corinthians 3:19.?{PH140 5.1}[1]
【The tree of knowledge of good and evil represents worldly schools】
“Shall the education given in our schools be after God’s order, or after the wisdom of this world, which the Lord pronounces foolishness? Shall the hearts of students become estranged from God by eating of the tree of knowledge, which hardens the heart into disobedience, and ministers to vanity and pride? Shall not the education given in our schools be of that character which will give a more decided knowledge of God’s Word, and which will bring the soul into a vital connection with God, keeping God before the mind’s eye, and arousing every better feeling in the soul? This is the kind of education which is as enduring as eternity.”—P.C.?{PH140 5.2}[2]
【Life and death question】
“We can not consent at this period of time to expose our youth to the consequences of learning a mixture of truth with error. The youth?who come from school without feeling the importance of making the Word of God the first study, the main study, above every science in educational lines, are not qualified in these days of peril to enter upon the work of the teacher. The?question of how to obtain the knowledge of God is to all a life-and-death question.”—Idem.?{PH140 5.3}[3]
【Need of reform in our schools】
“It is so easy to drift into worldly plans, methods, and customs, and have no more thought of the time in which we live, or of the great work to be accomplished, than had the people in Noah’s day. Our institutions are in danger of traveling over the same ground as did the Jews, conforming to customs, practices, and traditions which God has not given. With tenacity and firmness, some cling to old habits and a love of various studies which are not essential, as if the salvation of both teachers and students depended upon those studies which for years have found a place in the schools. By doing this, they turn away from the special light God has given in his Word and give to the students a deficient education.”—U.T.,?“The need of Reform in Educational work.”?{PH140 6.1}[4]
【Christian education and eternal Life】
“Now as never before we need to understand the true science of education. If we fail to understand this, we shall never have a place in the kingdom of God. ‘This is life eternal, that they might know thee, the only true God, and?Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent.’ If this is the price of heaven, shall not our education be given on these lines?”—P.C. July 8, 1897.?{PH140 6.2}[5]
【It is time to obey】
“That which the Lord has spoken concerning the instruction to be given in our schools is to be strictly regarded; for if there is not in some respects an education of an altogether different character from that which has been carried on in some of our schools, we need not have gone to the expense of purchasing lands and erecting school buildings.”—U.T.,?“Need of Reform in Educational Work.”?{PH140 7.1}[6]
【Age does not make error truth】
“It is most difficult to practice right principles after having been so long accustomed to the practices of the world, but reforms must be entered into with heart and soul and will. Errors may be hoary with age, but age does not make error truth, nor truth error. Altogether too long have the old customs and habits been followed. The Lord would now have every idea that is false put away from teachers and students.”—Idem.?{PH140 7.2}[7]
【Garden of Eden Adam’s school-room】
“The garden of Eden was not only Adam’s dwelling, but his school-room. As in that school, so in the school of the earth, two trees are planted, the tree of life, which bears the fruit of true education, and the tree of knowledge, yielding the fruit of ‘science falsely so-called.’ All that have connection with Christ have access to the tree of life, a source of?knowledge of which the world is ignorant. After sin entered this world, the heavenly husbandman transplanted the tree of life to the paradise above, but its branches hang over the wall to the lower world. Through the redemption purchased by the blood of the Son of God, man may now partake of its life-giving fruit. The tree of knowledge has its roots in the earth. It is of the earth, earthy. All who have tasted of the heavenly fruit, the bread of life, are to be co-workers with God, pointing others from the tree of knowledge to the tree of life, that they also may partake of its fruit.”—P.C.?{PH140 7.3}[8]
【Christian education fits for all vocations】
“Whatever business parents may think suitable for their children, whether they desire them to be manufacturers, agriculturists, mechanics, or to follow some professional calling, they would reap great advantages from the discipline of an education. Your children should have an opportunity to study the Bible in the school.”—Idem.?{PH140 8.1}[9]
【Need of reform in lessons given to children】
“A decided reform is needed in the lessons given to the children and youth in our schools. Students need lessons which they have not yet received. We are not at liberty to teach that which shall meet the world’s standard, or the standard of the church, simply because it is the custom to do so.... The Lord has signified that a reform must be made by those who have placed human wisdom in the place of the?living oracles. Human wisdom is foolishness, for it misses the whole of God’s providence, which looks into eternity. The Word must be searched, yea, eaten, in order to purify and prepare men to become members of the royal family, children of the heavenly King. From the first, schools conducted by Seventh-day Adventists should take the Word of God as their lesson book, and in doing this teachers and students will find hidden treasures, the higher education. That which the Lord has spoken ... is to be strictly regarded.”—P.C.,?“Need of Reform in Educational Work.”?{PH140 8.2}[10]
【Fruit of the tree of knowledge not to be plucked】
“Age after age the curiosity of man has led him to seek for the tree of knowledge, and often he thinks he is plucking fruit most essential when, like Solomon, he finds it altogether vanity and nothingness in comparison with that science of true holiness which will open to him the gates of the city of God. Human ambition has been seeking for the kind of knowledge that will bring self-exaltation and glory, and supremacy.... The result has been centuries of darkness and error. Men have introduced human theories, thinking as did our first parents when tempted by Satan to eat of the tree of knowledge, that they would thus become as gods. But these sentiments are not in harmony with the Word.... The one, the Word of God, is a tree of life; the other is the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge,?and all who pluck and eat of this possess a disordered imagination.”—P.C.,?“The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge.”?{PH140 9.1}[11]
【Why Christian schools are needed】
“One reason why it was necessary to establish institutions of our own was the fact that parents were not able to counteract the influence of the teaching their children were receiving in the public schools, and the error there taught was leading the youth into false paths. No stronger influence could be brought to bear upon the minds of youth and the children than that of those who are educating them in principles of science. For this reason it was evident that schools must be established in which our children should be instructed in the way of truth.... In our institutions of learning there was to be exerted an influence that would counteract the influence of the world, and with no encouragement to indulgence in appetite, in selfish gratification of the senses, in pride, ambition, love of dress, and display, love of praise and flattery, and strife for high rewards and honors as a recompense for a good scholarship. All this was to be discouraged in our school. It will be impossible to avoid these things and yet send them to the public schools, where they would daily be brought into contact with that which would contaminate their morals. All through the world there was so great a neglect of home training that the children found at the public schools, for the most part, were profligate and steeped in vice”—January 9, 1894.?{PH140 10.1}[12]
【Bible cannot be taught in state schools】
“If morality and religion are to live in a school, it must be through a knowledge of God’s Word. Some may urge that if religious teaching is to be made prominent, our schools will become unpopular, that those who are not of our faith will not patronize the College. Very well, then, let them go to other colleges where they will find a system of education that suits their taste. Our school was established not merely to teach the sciences, but for the purpose of giving instruction in the great principles of God’s Word, and in the practical duties of everyday life. This is the education so much needed at the present time. If a worldly influence is to bear sway in our school, then sell it out to worldlings, and let them take the entire control, and those who have invested their means in that institution will establish another school to be conducted, not upon the plan of popular schools, nor according to the desires of principal and teachers, but upon the plan which God has specified.... In the system of instruction used in the common schools, the most essential part of education is neglected; viz., the religion of the Bible. Education not only affects to a great degree the life of the students in this world, but its influence extends to eternity.”—Testimonies for the Church 5:25.?{PH140 11.1}[13]
【Influence of popular schools】
“From the teachers in the public schools they receive ideas that are opposed to the truth.?But further than this, they receive a wrong education by associating with children who have no training; who are left to obtain a street education. Satan uses these children to educate children who are more carefully brought up. Before Sabbath-keeping parents know what evil is being done, the lessons of depravity are learned, the souls of their children are corrupted.... I would rather that children grow up in a degree of ignorance of school education as it is today, and employ some other means to teach them.”—P.C.?{PH140 11.2}[14]
【Teachers and teaching】
True education means more than taking a certain course of study. It is broad. It includes the harmonious development of all the physical powers and the mental faculties. It teaches the love and fear of God, and is a preparation for the faithful discharge of life’s duties.?{PH140 12.1}[15]
There is an education that is essentially worldly. Its aim is success in the world, the gratification of selfish ambition. To secure this education many students spend time and money in crowding their minds with unnecessary knowledge. The world accounts them learned; but God is not in their thoughts. They eat of the tree of worldly knowledge, which nourishes and strengthens pride. In their hearts they become disobedient and estranged from God; and their entrusted gifts are placed on the enemy’s side. Much of the education at the present time is of this character. The world may regard it as highly desirable; but it increases the peril of the student.?{PH140 12.2}[16]
There is another kind of education that is very different. Its fundamental principle, as stated by the greatest Teacher the world has ever known, is, “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness.” Its aim is not selfish; it is to honor God, and to serve him in the world. Both the studies pursued and the industrial training have this object in view. The word of God is studied; a vital connection with God is maintained, and the better feelings and traits of character are brought in exercise. This kind of education produces results as lasting as eternity. For “the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom,” and better than all other knowledge is an understanding of his word.—Special Testimonies on Education, 47, 48.?{PH140 12.3}[17]
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