《给传道人的证言》初版时的开本与《教会证言》相同。1944年的第二版采用较大的字体和开本。四十年来,这两个版本重印了多次,以满足工作的需要。为了更便于使用和查阅,第三版采用便携式《教会证言》开本,但页面内容没有作任何改动。
1888年在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯举行总会会议之后的十年中,上帝的使者给巴特尔克里克的中央教会,总会委员会和圣工中心的其他负责人传达了一些重要的信息。这些信息呼吁生命的改变,劝勉读者遵行圣经的重要原则,体验与我们的主救主耶稣基督的个人关系。
这些信息在巴特尔克里克收阅之后,其中许多内容以小册子的形式发表,名为《给巴特尔克里克教会的特别证言》和《给传道人和工人的特别证言》。总会委员会把这些小册子提供给负责各地圣工的传道人和工人。这些信息透人肺腑,沁人心脾,忠实地警告了罪恶,但又是鼓舞人心的,因为它们不断地指出上帝的大爱和基督救人到底的丰富能力。
本书选自上述的证言小册。1923年第一版的序言说明如下:
“负责此事的委员会受到本书篇幅的限制,况且这些小范围发行的小册子数量又多。所以那十一本特别证言的内容没有全部包括在本书之中。因为:一,自从特别证言印行以来,有些部分已经重印;二,有些内容纯属局部问题,或已经过时;三,还有些内容已更加充分有力地表述于本书的其他的文章之中。”
每一篇文章的来源,初次发表的日期,都在旁注中说明。一些“补白”在结尾处提供。第三版“进修资料”的书目扩大到1923年以后出版的怀爱伦著作汇编中的相关材料。
怀爱伦笔下的一些劝勉和责备,读者如果了解撰写这些信息时的背景,就会理解得更好。本会历史的某些详情,对于证言小册和本书第一版的读者来说是熟悉的,但现今的多数读者却不知道。
所以在第三版的前言后面,增加《历史背景说明》,指明了本会发展中的一些重要关头,提供了历史背景,直至关键的1890年代,简要叙述了那个时期相关的历史事件,本版还提供了注释,解释了所提到的某些地点,形势或事件。这些注释会帮助读者正确地了解作者当时发出信息的意图。
纵览构成本书的材料就会发现,本书每一编均取材于某一本小册子。连同这些小册的文章,还有少数相关的材料源于《评论与通讯》的文章和怀爱伦的其他已发表著作。有两篇文章来自《特别证言》系列二。
《特别证言》系列二由19本小册子构成,是怀夫人或由本会机构于1903至1913年间出版的。其题材广泛,大多数适用于局部范围。这一点可以从标题中看出来。
1. 《给医师和传道人的信》(1903年)
2. 《给医师和传道人的信》(1904年末或1905年)
3. 《给加利福尼亚州南部疗养院工人的信》(1905年)
4. 《团结的精神》(1905年)
5. 《为了科罗拉多博尔德疗养院的恳切呼吁》(1905年)
6. 《到巴特尔克里克求学的青年》(1905年)
7.《 给基督复临安息日会信徒警告和指示的信息,论与医疗布道工作有关的种种危险》(1906年)
8. 《我们的学院与培训中心的巩固和对医疗布道士的恳劝》(1907年)
9. 《个人的责任和基督徒的团结》 (1907年)
10.《 耶和华是我们的君王》(1908年)
11. 《麦迪逊学校》(1908年)
12. 《奥克伍德手工艺培训学校》(1908年发行)
12X. 《亨茨维尔学校》(1908年发行)
13. 《新英格兰疗养院》(1908年)
14. 《帕拉代斯瓦利疗养院》(1909年)
15. 《疗养院工人》(1911年)
16. 《给我们的学生和疗养院工人的证言选粹》(1911年)
17. 《使用钱财的不智和投机的精神》(1911年)
18. 《纳什维尔疗养院》(1912年)
19. 《牺牲的精神》(1913年)
这个系列有时还加上两期不带有“系列二”标记的:
20. 《呼吁团结》(1912年)
21. 《消遣》(1913年发行)
这些证言的目标与1890年代袖珍版《特别证言》小册子完全不同,是以较大开本发行的,一开始就定名为《特别证言》系列二。在它们之前于1890年代发表的给传道人和工人的信息被称为“系列一”,但在发表时并没有这样命名。
在最初发表在“系列二”的文章中,对教会长期普遍有用的材料,后来被收录在《教会证言》卷八和卷九中,还收录在《健康勉言》,《给管家的勉言》,《医疗布道论》和《信息选粹》里。本书收录了“系列二”中的两篇文章:《耶和华是我们的君王》(第477-484页)和《个人的责任和基督徒的团结》(第485-505页)。
怀夫人的工作跨越多年。她往往再三提述某些勉言。假如重印全部早期的小册子和著作的内容,就把一些重复的题材和涉及局部或个人问题的次要材料提供给读者。论到本书的选材,第一版的前言说:
“委员会诚挚恳切地谋求在这本篇幅适中的书中提供以前小册子中最好最有力的材料,相信被省略的部分已经被来自其它小范围发行的小册子中的内容涵盖而且有余了。”
《给传道人的证言》第三版的出版人员与1923年的出版者一同说,这本方便实用的书是他们怀着恳切的祈祷发行的。愿它对所有的读者成为在上帝深奥的事上受教的一个来源。愿它能复兴上帝子民的盼望和能力,在所需之处帮助带来生命的改变,并给我们所有的人展示基督徒的美德,以便向世人彰显基督;愿它使我们大家更加贴近我们可称颂之主的心,从而彼此更加团结。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会
1962年5月10日
于美国首都华盛顿
历史背景说明
第三版前言中提到,《给传道人的证言》由若干来源的材料构成,主要是怀爱伦发表在《评论与通讯》的文章和给巴特尔克里克教会与圣工负责人的证言小册子。本书的大部分内容写于1890-1898年间,一些更早或更晚的材料收进来是为了扩大某些勉言的范围。第一编《基督的教会》证明了上帝对祂的教会的温柔看顾,并含有教会胜利的明确应许。接下来便是给传道人和行政人员的警告和劝勉。
1890年代的十年,在基督复临安息日信徒的经验中,是一个既有意义、但在某些方面又很悲伤的时期。教会在成长。信徒数量在那十年中增加了一倍多。教会的工人们迅速进入新的国家。国内外的教会机构也在纷纷成立。在1863年第一次总会会议上所制定原来的组织章程很快就过时了。早先建立的机构在扩大,进入了一个受基督复临安息日会信徒和世人都欢迎的时期。这种成长带来许多危险。教会从自由主义的一端走到兼并和集权主义的另一端。在这段时期的经验中,有些问题造成了1888年在明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯召开的总会会议的后果。会上热烈而充分地讨论了某些教义问题。一些人站在一边;一些人站在另一边。他们的决定不但受所提出的教义论据所影响,也受对预言之灵勉言的态度所影响。有时这些态度是无益的。这段时期怀爱伦大都在澳洲,努力创建那块新进入的土地的圣工,并着手在那个大陆上建立一所大学和一个疗养院。
本书名为《给传道人和福音工作者的证言》,但它实质上并不是专门指示传道人和福音工作者应该如何开展工作。本书所含的信息是有给教会传道人的训诫、警告、责备和劝勉,特别关注处于负责地位之人的特殊危险。有些责备是严厉的,但同时也保证上帝在惩戒时,“祂若不能医治,就不击伤,祂不使人灭亡。”——《给传道人的证言》,第23页。
给传道人特别是行政人员的责备和劝勉起初不是由怀爱伦发表的,而是先由总会会长,后由总会委员会发表的,因为这些信息大部分原来是写给总会会长奥尔森和他行政工作的同事,特别是在巴特尔克里克的工作人员。他和总会委员会把这些信息发表了,好使他们的同工和同事都能从这些责备中受益,这些责备指出了错误,并且伴随着劝勉和鼓励。
历史的简要回顾
当我们回顾本会历史中形成1890年代信息之背景的某些局势时,我们就会发现一些能使我们更好地理解这些信息的线索。让我们翻回到历史的这些篇章,看看一些重要的进展情况吧。
从开始的时候起,守安息日的复临信徒就表现出要热心明白上帝旨意并行走主道的特征。他们在1840年代中期的复临运动经验中,曾目睹安于现状的各改正教会在他们的信条上固步自封,转离了上帝的圣言中所教导的伟大真理。上述复临信徒中有许多人都因为他们的来源于圣经的复临盼望而被这些教会驱逐了。他们看见自己从前的弟兄开始积极反对那些坚持并解释圣经真理的人,这就使他们害怕拘泥形式和教会组织。但是当传扬第三位天使信息的门路开始敞开时,就有组织起来的需要了。1850年1月,怀爱伦蒙指示,守安息日的复临信徒应该建立他们的工作秩序,因为“在天上每一件事物都有完美的秩序。”——《怀爱伦文稿》1850年11号。
1850年代的十年为教会组织的的建立付出了认真的努力。这些努力在1860年和1861年达到了顶点。1860年选定了“基督复临安息日会”的名称。1861年计划组建地方教会和州区会。然后在1863年,这些州区会又联合为总会。他们极其小心,避免在形成信条上迈出第一步,因为教会在固守信条的同时,显然不能自由遵从通过研究圣经和预言之灵的启示而显明的上帝旨意。第24-32页就创立教会秩序的上帝旨意作了精彩的论述。
在1863年组建全球总会时,选定了由三个人组成的总会委员会。教会主要的机构由几个州的区会和位于密歇根州巴特尔克里克的一个出版社组成。在传道的领域,基督复临安息日会的传道人获得了越来越多的成就。他们主要从事传讲福音信息有特色的真理,包括安息日,人死后的状况,基督复临以及圣所。他们中的许多人都卷了关于上帝的律法和其它重要圣经真理的讨论和辩论中。参加这种讨论的人中有不少人不知不觉地变得自以为是了,心中养成了一种主观,自恃,好辩的精神。这种精神最终结出了不健康果子。
机构的发展
在总会组建之后,接踵而至的,就的教会机构的发展。1865年12月,在怀爱伦得见的一个异象中,呼召建立一所医疗机构。教会领袖们响应这个呼召,于1866年9月在巴特尔克里克开办了一个小型的卫生院。不到十年以后,怀爱伦所写的信息要求建立一所学校。1874年,巴特尔克里克大学成立了。这样,在巴特尔克里克就有三个主要的机构发展向前发展了,吸引了越来越多的基督复临安息日信徒进入一个迅速成长的本会中心。一些有经商经验的人得到召唤来照管这些机构的商业利益。当商业利益得到了扩大、发展而兴旺起来时,他们中有一些人就更依靠他们生意上的精明,而不是依靠上帝的指导信息了。对他们来说,生意就是生意。
这十年过去之前,本会经历了一场争论,那就是我们的教育体制是要建立在预言之灵的原则之上呢?还是采纳世俗的教育计划,接受奉行属世方针与方法的人来指导。
基督复临安息日会的先驱大都是自学成才的。他们献身,能干,有技术。读一下他们的著作就可以看出这一点。但他们既知道自己的学术背景有限,就有一种自卑感。所以在1880年代早期,当一位有学位的教育家来到他们中间时,他被推上教育工作的领导岗位就不足为奇了。他对基督复临安息日会的教义和历史知之甚少,却迅速被提升到那么重要的高位,结果发现他还没有准备好负起他身上的责任。
由于巴特尔克里克的领袖和平信徒中间发生争执,问题就变得异常严重了。有些人因一位有学位教育家的领导而完全丧失了自己的立场,也有些人却尽力跟预言之灵的劝勉保持一致。事情的结果对于这所大学和相关人士来说乃是灾难性的。巴特尔克里克大学被关闭了一年。所说的话和所采取的立场在不少领袖和信徒的经验中留下了深刻的痕迹。
《教会证言》卷五9-98页的那组文章就是在这个时期发表的。最初印成一本小册子,名为《给巴特尔克里克教会的证言》。其中不仅包括后来发表在《教会证言》卷五里的内容,还包括更多涉及巴特尔克里克的人和事的个人资料。只要读一下标题就可以感受到当时的气氛。第二章是《我们的大学》,副标题是《圣经作为一本教科书》,《大学的目标》,以及《大学的教师》。接下来几章的标题是《父母的训练》,《重要的证言》,《忽视证言》,《我们大学的工人》,《责备妒忌和挑剔》。
这是一段艰难的时期。当怀爱伦1883年去参加在巴特尔克里克召开的全球总会会议时,她受上帝带领向基督复临安息日会的传道人作了一系列晨更演讲,提出了切合实际的劝勉。值得注意的是,在这些演讲中,有一次的主题是“基督我们的义”(见《信息选粹》卷一第350-354页)。这些历史情况构成了怀爱伦本书勉言的部分背景。
进展显著的1880年代
虽然本会曾在1874年差派J. N.安德烈前往欧洲,但因忙于大学的建设,直到1880年代,教会的传道工作和机构发展才进入引人注目的时期。1882年创办了两所新学校,一所在加利福尼亚州的赫尔兹堡,另一所在马萨诸塞州的南兰开斯特。1885年在瑞士的巴塞尔开创了出版工作,即新建立的中央出版社。同一年有工人被派往澳大利亚。不久回声出版社也在墨尔本成立了。1885-1887年怀爱伦亲临欧洲,给她所访问国家的圣工带来了力量和鼓励。
我们回顾本会发展史的某些时刻,就会加深对善恶两大势力之间斗争的认识。所建立的教会乃是预言中的余民教会,拥有上帝的时代信息。大仇敌要竭尽全力扑灭这项工作。
1888年明尼阿波利斯会议的背景
仇敌最有效的方法之一,就是诱使善良的人采取最终妨碍他们所爱之工作的立场。这一点可以从卷入辩论和争端之人心中所培养的精神中看出来,可以从那些与圣工有联系的商人的经验中看出来,也可以从那些前往新国家的传道士的经验中看出来。他们既对工作怀有狭隘的观念,就发现很难在上帝要他们走的道路上前进。在有些人所表现出来的倾向上可以看到这一点;他们依赖巴特尔克里克的领袖们在广泛圣工的细小事务上指导他们。从巴特尔克里克领袖们的领导方式上也可以看到出一点。他们在机构工作上负担沉重,又试图给他们知之甚少的远方圣工以详细的指导。
到1887年年底,基督复临安息日会在全世界的信徒已有25,841人,在北美有26个地方区会和一个传道区,在海外有四个地方区会和六个传道区。全球总会委员会由七个人组成,该委员会于1882年曾慎重地由三个人扩大为五个人,又在1886年从五个人扩大为七个人。为了处理圣工的法律事物,总会协会曾成立了一个五人理事会。圣工的不同分支形成了一些自治性组织,如“国际安息日学协会”,“健康与节制协会”,以及“国际传单和传道士协会”。如上所述,怀爱伦曾于1885年中至1887年到欧洲访问。现在她已经回到美国,住在加利福尼亚州的赫尔兹堡她的家中。本会在美国有两家出版社在运营:密歇根州巴特尔克里克的《评论与通讯》出版社,和在加利福尼亚州奥克兰的太平洋出版社。这两家出版社各自都有相当多的商业工作,以保持其设备和人员的充分使用,从而维护印刷本会刊物所需的设备。这两家出版社各有一份主要的刊物。在巴特尔克里克的是《评论与通讯》,在奥克兰的是《时兆》。
在前一两年的时间里,这些刊物发表了一些意见分歧的文章,涉及《加拉太书》中的律法。这些刊物的编辑各自支持相反的立场。怀爱伦仍在瑞士,她写信给《时兆》的编辑,劝勉他们不要发表意见冲突的文章。这个信息可以从《给作者和编辑的勉言》第75-82页中看到。
1888年的全球总会会议
1888年的全球总会会议于10月17日至11月4日在明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯召开。会议之前先有一周的圣经研讨班。班上讨论了匈奴人或阿勒曼尼人是否算《但以理书》第2章和第7章以及《启示录》13章的十国之一。《评伦与通讯》的编辑乌利亚·史密斯采取一种立场,《时兆》的编辑A.T.琼斯则采取另一种立场。同样来自太平洋出版社的E. J.瓦格纳提出了关于赎罪和上帝律法的论点。琼斯长老宣讲了因信称义。这些讨论持续到总会开会,有时还发生剧烈的争论。有些传道人不是为研究真理,而是为辩论某些问题来参加会议的。怀爱伦当时在场。她要求所有人都以开放的态度对待这些论述。她敦促大家藉着祷告认真研究所讨论的题目。
这些论题开始得到一些人的认同。对于许多人来说,因信称义的信息正合所需,于是就全心全意地回应,在基督徒个人的生活上导致了一种得胜的经验。还有的人则站在巴特尔克里克一些谨慎保守的领袖一边。他们认为所发表的教训中有一些危险的东西。在会议结束的时候,这些人没能获得上帝原本为他们存留的福气。
除了怀爱伦以外,会上其他人的讲话都没有记录下来,因为公布演讲还不是当时的习惯。虽然发行了一份总会公报,不过它只是一份专刊,登载关于会议事件的新闻,介绍了会议的进展。对于圣经问题的讨论没作任何报导。
在那次会议上,O.A.奥尔森长老当选为总会会长,但会议期间他在欧洲。1888年11月27日,总会委员会的成员之一威廉·怀特写信给奥尔森长老说:“与会代表在会议结束时带走了很不一样的感受。许多人感到这是他们参加过的最有益的一次聚会;其他人则感到这是有史以来最糟糕的一次会议。”
对因信称义的不同态度
在接下来的两年中,怀爱伦经常在传道园地里,努力引导各教会和区会对因信称义的重要信息有更深刻更充分的理解。她说到这个圣经真理虽然“对许多人来说是新的”,实际上却是“古老的真理以新的形式表达出”。——怀爱伦《评论与通讯》1889年7月23日;后编入《信息选粹》卷一第355页。
从1889年10月18日到11月5日,在巴特尔克里克召开了下一次的总会会议,怀爱伦在会上能报告说“明尼阿波利斯会议上所表显的精神已荡然无存,大家离开的时候都是和谐一致的。有许多代表出席。早上五点钟的聚会也有许多人参加,会开得很好。我所听到的所有见证都很鼓舞人。他们说过去一年是他们一生中最好的一年;上帝圣言所发出来的光既清楚又明亮,这就是因信称义,基督是我们的公义。这些经历是很有意义的。
“除了两次之外,我出席了所有的晨会。八点钟,琼斯弟兄讲论了因信称义的题目,大家很感兴趣。人们对我们主救主耶稣基督的信心和认识增强了”——《怀爱伦文稿》1889年10号;发表在《信息选粹》卷一第361页。
不幸的是,巴特尔克里克总会和本会机构的一些圣工负责人站到了反对的一方,在本会工作中的中心建形成了一个抵制的核心。在接下来的几年中,许多曾经参加这个阵营中的人认识到自己的错误,并且衷心地承认了。但仍有一些人坚持反对。他们中有一些是与本会和本会机构的商业利益有关的。他们充分影响了1890年代。针对这种人,怀爱伦在1895年写下了发表在本书363页的话:“一些人忽视了因信基督而称义,因为这与他们的精神相反,也与他们全部的人生经验相反。”
本书从76页开始,会经常提到明尼阿波利斯会议及其结果,以及一些相关人员的经历。
在1888年的会议中,总会委员会发生了很大的改变。O. A.奥尔森从欧洲被召回来担任总会会长,接替乔治·I·巴特勒。巴特勒长老在生病。他虽然没有出席明尼阿波利斯举行的总会会议,但在这个问题上,他却站在了反对的一边。他退休了,照顾他患病的妻子十多年;后又成功复出,再次在本会担任要职。
奥尔森长老完全赞同因信称义的真理,并始终忠于预言之灵的劝勉。他在巴特尔克里克遇到了一些棘手的问题,特别是因巴特尔克里克本会机构的迅速发展和工作的扩大损害了别处圣工的难题。
合并及其相关问题
在1889年的总会会议上,采取合并来解决两个大出版社的运作所引起的问题。这两个出版社一个在巴特尔克里克,一个在太平洋海岸。于是任命了一个由二十一人组成的委员会,来研究本会这两个出版社的合并问题。同时要求考虑建立一个类似的组织“控制本会所有的教育机构并且拥有所有权,从而对它们进行综合管理;还需要建立一个组织管理本会的卫生机构。”——《全球总会公报》1889年11月6日,第149页。这个委员会把它的报告带到了1891年的会议上,建议说总会协会既然作为法人代表本会的法定权益,就应该接管所有的出版工作,并从一个总部来管理这些出版社。报告认为这个法定协会的权益既然扩大了,其成员也就应增至二十一人。这些建议被会议采纳了。
后来的记录显示了采取合并全球教会活动的步骤。这些活动受不同委员会的管理;而这些委员会则受总会协会及其二十一人的委员会所控制。
总会委员会的领导职员同时也是总会协会的领导职员。但这两个委员会的成员既然通常分散在世界各地,日常的业务在很大程度上就落到了少数在巴特尔克里克的人手中。他们中有些人深深卷入了那里本会机构的商业利益之中。
要求合并的行动并未达到预期的全部效果,但确实采取一系列实质性的行动,并使总会协会担起世界各地的出版社、传单协会、教育机构以及疗养院的财务职责。该委员会既然很少召开全体会议,不可避免地就由在巴特尔克里克的少数人——往往不超过四个,五个或六个人——来做出日常事务决定,影响世界各地的圣工了。怀爱伦在她的通信中反对合并和其它并不受上帝认可的行动(见《怀爱伦传略》第319-330页《在上帝的工作中采用属世方针的危险》)。
本书359-364页所载写于1895年9月《除了我以外你不可有别的神》一文,似乎很好地总结了巴特尔克里克,包括本会机构和总会的情形。读者最好小心谨慎地细读这些内容。
在怀爱伦写给总会会长奥尔森长老和总会协会的信件中,含有许多责备的信息,责备那些擅自负起责任做出与本会全球圣工如此密切相关之决定的人。这些发给奥尔森长老的指示,有许多都收录在《给传道人的证言》中。如上所述,他把这些信息印出来了,好让这些指示和警告能传达给其他的人。
影响深远的出版社问题
本会的出版社在早年的工作不幸采取了盈利的步骤,导致出版社承接了商业业务,深深陷入了纯商业的印刷中。有时商业性印刷竟达百分之七十,而本会材料的印刷只占百分之三十。负责出版社财务的人把他们手中的工作视为印刷商的工作,以致承接了一些本不应该在本会出版社印行的文稿(见《教会证言》卷七,第161-168页《承印的工作》一章,另见《信息选粹》卷二第350, 351页《催眠术的危险》)。
同时,一些出版社的负责人,违背了指导本会机构员工报酬的重要基本原则。他们认为这项工作之所以繁荣兴旺,是因为那些负责管理的人具有特殊的技术和才干,所以他们应该享受更多特别的报酬,好与他们的管理职位相称。结果一些关键职位的人就得到了比技术工人多一倍的报酬。
同样的精神导致巴特尔克里克出版社的管理部门千方百计获取控制其所出版文稿的权利,从而剥夺了出版社出版之书籍的作者政党的版税收入。这样,出版社的收入增加了。他们争辩说,出版社的管理人员比作者个人更能了解圣工的需要,知道如何利用文字。他们认为作者可能不会合理使用版税收入。怀爱伦在写给管理人员的几封信件中,指出这种计划的动机是自私的。关于这方面的勉言,见《教会证言》卷七第176-180页。
总会会长发表了证言
自私的影响,贪婪的方法和怀爱伦所称“王权”的运用,是具有传染性的。总会会长奥尔森长老盼望自己能抵制这种影响的不良作用,就在这个关键时刻对教会的传道人了发表许多传给他和巴特尔克里克其他领袖的信息。这些信息以小册子的形式出版,作为特别的指示发给传道人与工人。前面往往有一份由总会会长或委员会签署的言辞恳切的序言。奥尔森长老在为这些编了号的,约写于1892年的第二本小册子所作的序中说:
“我们感到有责任把怀姐妹尚未出版的一些近作发给你们,也请你们注意已经发表的著作中一些非常重要的摘录。我们这样做是为了把其中所含的真理形象地呈现在你们心中。它们值得最认真的关注。……
“三年以来,上帝的灵一直特别呼吁我们的传道人和信徒抛弃自以为义的外衣,寻求因信基督耶稣而得的上帝的义。但我们一直迟缓,犹豫。……上帝圣灵的证言和恳劝还没有在我们心中产生上帝所希望的回应。有时我们竟感到可以随便批评上帝为我们的益处而发的证言和警告。这是一个严重的问题。结果是什么呢?——乃是心灵冷淡枯萎。这真是令人惊恐的。
“现在岂不是扬声发出警告的时候吗?岂不是每个人都该深刻领会这些事并且问‘是我吗?’的时候吗?……
“下述证言无容置疑地再次向我们指出了危险。问题是我们愿意听从上帝的忠告并全心寻求祂呢?还是忽略漠视这些警告,象我们过去多次所做的那样呢?上帝以诚挚对待我们,我们决不可反应迟钝。”
奥尔森长老于1896年11月22日为这些小册子的第六册写了以下的序言:
“在过去的几个月中,我收到了怀姐妹的许多来信,其中含有对我自己和我们所有工人极有价值的指示。我知道这些指示能让所有参与现代真理圣工的人亲自受益并对他们的工作有帮助。为了他们的益处,我就把这些材料收集起来,印成这本小册子。我不必要求大家藉着祈祷认真学习它,因为我知道大家会这样做的。”
对怀爱伦来说,写出这种触及人心的批评和责备的信息决非易事。对于收到的人来说,接受这些信息并将之应用在个人的经验中,然后开始按照要求进行纠正也不是一件易事。这些信息在1890年由总会会长和总会委员会以小册子的形式发表,好使所有的传道人都能受到警告。后来这些材料又收入1923年出版的《给传道人的证言》,把严重妨碍上帝圣工利益的种种危险摆在基督复临安息日会每一位传道人和行政管理人员面前。
怀爱伦责备的信息并不是针对每一个传道人和行政管理人员的。她写道:“我的心是多么为那些存谦卑的心行事为人,爱上帝并且敬畏上帝的人而欢喜快乐啊。他们具有一种远比博学或雄辩有价值的能力。”——第161页。在本书的篇章中,她经常说到“一些”采取了错误行动的人,“一些”对上帝所赐的信息没有回应的人。
关于警告人不要运用“王权”和权威的劝勉,关于人不应指望自己的同胞在工作的每个细节上指导自己的劝勉,都与小心与关于独立的精神和行动的劝勉作了协调,收录于本书第314-316页。关于区会会长应该受到信任和支持的勉言,收录在本书第327, 328页。
这些就是1890年代和《给传道人的证言》中信息的背景。这些就是基督复临安息日会在接近世纪之交,布道,机构和教会的工作计划不断扩张之时,一年一年,一月一月每况愈下的画面。
1901年的全球总会
怀爱伦在澳大利亚旅居九年后,刚回到美国,就应邀出席在巴特尔克里克召开的1901年全球总会会议。这是十年以来她首次参加这样的会议。总会会长G.A.欧文致开幕词。然后怀爱伦来到会众面前要讲话。她在会上发表了热情诚恳的演讲,指出上帝的圣工受到阻碍的原因,是一些巴特尔克里克的人承担了他们所担不动的工作。她见证说,这些人和圣工都受到了损害,因为他们鼓励别人在圣工的每个方面都向他们请教。她指出,一些负责人已经丧失了工作所必不可少的奉献精神。她在那次会议上大声疾呼:“我们现在所需要的乃是改组。我们需要从基础开始,并且建立在一个不同的原则上。”——《全球总会公报》1901年4月3日。
接下来三周所发生的事乃是令人兴奋的。大家接受了信息。弟兄们谨慎地开始工作;设立了联合会,把地方区会组合成较小的单位,由该传道区的人负责。代表总会各方面活动的几个协会,如安息日学工作和国内布道工作,组建成总会的各部。由十三个人组成的总会委员会,扩大为二十五个人。在1903年,该委员会进一步扩大,包括了总会新组建各部的人员。几年之内,就有了五百人负责承担1901年总会会议以前由少数人负责的工作了。
通过这次改组,为那些在地方工作的人制定的章程;他们可以就手头的工作作出决定。根基打得非常扎实,在继续发展的过程中显出了它的明智。本会比较顺利地组建了总会的各个分会。根据这个计划,世界上大的布道区域被组织起来。联合会成了分会的下属组织。
巴特尔克里克的机构受到上帝的惩罚
遗憾的是人们并没有全部听从怀爱伦在1901年的全球总会会议上所发的忠告。在巴特尔克里克的两个本会机构本应作出改变,却没有改变。不到十二个月,在1902年2月18日的夜晚,疗养院被烧毁了。在1902年过去之前,出版社也化为灰烬。本会财产的这一重大损失被认为是来自上帝的惩罚,是因人们没能留意听从所赐的劝勉而招致的。警钟曾经敲响,但是人们没有注意。现在上帝以一种谁也不能误解的方式说话了。
本会总部和伴随它的问题都迁出了巴特尔克里克。根据上帝天意的安排,总部设立在华盛顿特区。出版社也在首都重建了。领袖们决心让职工和设备的时间百分之百地用在本会信息的出版上。疗养院也在巴特尔克里克重建了。但不久以后,本会不幸丧失了对它的主要权益。巴特尔克里克不再是本会的中心了,因为全球总部已经迁到塔克玛帕克了。
“除非我们忘记”
本书的最后部分主要选自1907年和1914年的信函。怀爱伦有机会回顾了“关系的重大原则”,特别是在《耶和华是我们的君王》这篇文章中;这是她在1907年8月在加利福尼亚州南部的帐棚大会上宣读的一个信息;还有在《个人的责任与基督徒的团结》这篇文章里;这是她于1907年1月召开的加利福尼亚州区会会议上宣读的。这些文章重述了构成本书主题的要点。重申这些勉言是要提醒所有的人,忽略其中的原则就会危害教会。
历史会重演,人类也会因忘记而犯罪。为了避免重蹈巴特尔克里克的覆辙。大家作出了认真的努力。怀夫人写道:“面对将来,我们无所畏惧,除非我们忘记主过去的引领”(第31页)。教会的行政管理人员和传道工人始终把这些警告和劝诫的信息摆在自己面前,以帮助他们避免犯下从前的岁月所犯的错误。与这些比较特殊的警告紧密相连的,是有关传道人工作崇高道德和属灵水平的一般警告。
本书中的信息,与群羊的牧者和行政管理人员的心灵密切相关。只有所描述的情况再次出现,这些信息才适用于现今。谁也不可把责备的信息不分青红皂白地用在所有的传道人身上。我们也不应该因为知道了当年的某些问题和危机,而对上帝圣工的光荣胜利丧失信心。
上帝曾向怀爱伦显明人们心中的隐情和人性的软弱与亏欠,但她并没有对上帝所拣选的工人失去信心。她认为上帝向那些犯错之人所发责备的信息,乃是上帝之爱的证据,并不表示他们被弃绝了。“凡主所疼爱的,祂就责备管教。”在邪恶的势力与正义的势力激战之时,上帝圣工所遇到的挫折并没有使她灰心丧胆,因为她认识到,“我们坚信圣经的基督徒总是在发展壮大的”(《信息选粹》,卷二第397页)。“以色列的上帝仍在引导着祂的子民。祂必继续与他们同在,直到世界的末了”(《怀爱论传略》第437, 438页)。
本文的目的是要告诉读者本书内容的历史背景。书中所提到的许多特殊历史事件,运动和机构,对于我们这些生活在多年以后的人来说,似乎有些陌生。因此我们提供了注释,其中的信息会帮助读者更好地理解这些问题。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会的任务并不是解释她的勉言。但是他们有权利、有时也有责任提供某些情况的历史背景,并在其上下文中提供其它勉言,以帮助读者更好地明白、从而正确地解释怀爱伦著作。怀著托管委员会诚挚地希望我们教会在敬畏上帝的领袖们领导之下,能够为完成上帝宝贵的圣工而胜利地前进。
怀爱伦著作托管委员会
1962年5月10日
于美国首都华盛顿
Among the materials once available but out of print at the time of Mrs. White’s death in 1915 were a number of special testimony pamphlets, including a series published in the 1890’s which bore the title,?Special Testimonies to Ministers and Workers. This series of eleven is often referred to as?Special Testimonies, Series A. In response to the request that the instruction found in these special testimonies be again made available,?Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers?was published in 1923. This was one of the first E. G. White books of posthumous issuance.?{TM ix.1}[1]
Testimonies to Ministers?First appeared in a?Testimony-size volume. A second edition with larger typeface and page size was published in 1944. Several printings of both editions have supplied the field for four decades. For greater ease in handling and reference this third edition has been issued in the convenient?Testimony-size page, but with no change in page content.?{TM ix.2}[2]
During the decade which followed the 1888 General Conference session held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, vital messages came from the messenger of the Lord to the central church at Battle Creek, to the General Conference Committee, and to other responsible men at the heart of the work. These messages rang with calls for regeneration and reformation of life, urging the reader to live by the vital principles of the word of God and to experience a personal relationship with our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.?{TM ix.3}[3]
After they had been received and read in Battle Creek, many of these messages were printed in tract form as?Special Testimonies to the Battle Creek Church?and?Special Testimonies to Ministers and?Workers. Copies were furnished by the General Conference Committee to leading ministers and workers throughout the field. These messages were heart-probing, soul-stirring, faithful in warning against evil, yet encouraging, as they continually pointed to the great love of God and the fullness of Christ’s power to save to the uttermost.?{TM ix.4}[4]
As to the selection of material for this volume, drawn as it was from the pamphlet testimonies, the publisher’s preface to the first edition issued in 1923 informs us that:?“The committee having it in charge have been limited by the size of the volume decided upon, and by the large number of these tracts of small circulation. Therefore not all that was contained in the eleven specials has been placed in this volume. The reasons are that (1) some portions have been reprinted in volumes issued since the specials were printed; (2) other portions pertained to matters that were purely local, or that are past and gone; (3) still other things are more fully and strongly covered in other documents reprinted in this volume.”?{TM x.1}[5]
The source of each article, with date of first publication, is indicated in footnote references. Some “fillers” are credited at the close. In this third edition the lists of items “for further study” Have been somewhat expanded to include references to related material appearing in E. G. White compilations published subsequent to 1923.?{TM x.2}[6]
Certain of the counsels and reproofs from the pen of Ellen G. White can be better understood if the reader is in possession of a knowledge of the circumstances which prevailed at the time of the messages were written. Certain details of denominational history which were familiar to the readers of the?Testimony?pamphlets and the first edition of this book are unknown to most readers of today.?{TM x.3}[7]
A historical foreword, which follows immediately, has therefore been added to this third edition, to present those high points of denominational development which furnish the background leading up to the crucial 1890’s. The relevant historical events of that period have been concisely recounted. Appendix notes have also been supplied, keyed to the mention of certain places, situations, or events. These notes will aid the reader in ascertaining correctly the intent of the author in the messages here presented.?{TM xi.1}[8]
A survey of the materials comprising this volume will reveal that in the main the content of a given section was drawn from a single pamphlet. With these pamphlet materials there were placed a few related items drawn from the?Review and Herald?articles and other E. G. White sources of a general character. There are two articles from?Special Testimonies, Series B.?{TM xi.2}[9]
Special Testimonies, Series B, consisted of 19 pamphlets published by Mrs. White or by denominational organizations between the years 1903 to 1913. The subject matter was varied, and most of it was of local application. This can be seen from the titles.?{TM xi.3}[10]
1. Letters to Physicians and Ministers (1903)?{TM xi.4}[11]
2. Letters to Physicians and Ministers (late 1904 or 1905)?{TM xi.5}[12]
3. Letters to Sanitarium Workers in Southern California (1905)?{TM xi.6}[13]
4. The Spirit of Unity (1905)?{TM xi.7}[14]
5. An Earnest Appeal in Behalf of the Boulder, Colorado, Sanitarium (1905)?{TM xi.8}[15]
6. Youth Going to Battle Creek to Obtain an Education (1905)?{TM xi.9}[16]
7. Messages of Warning and Instruction to Seventh-day Adventists Regarding Dangers Connected With the Medical Missionary Work (1906)?{TM xii.1}[17]
8. The Strengthening of our Institutions and Training Centers and a Plea for Medical Missionary Evangelists (1907)?{TM xii.2}[18]
9. Individual Responsibility and Christian Unity (1907)?{TM xii.3}[19]
10. Jehovah is our King (1908)?{TM xii.4}[20]
11. The Madison School (1908)?{TM xii.5}[21]
12. The Oakwood Manual Training School (cir. 1908)?{TM xii.6}[22]
12X. The Huntsville School (cir. 1908)?{TM xii.7}[23] 13. The New England Sanitarium (1908)?{TM xii.8}[24]
14. The Paradise Valley Sanitarium (1909)?{TM xii.9}[25]
15. Sanitarium Workers (1911)?{TM xii.10}[26]
16. Selections from the Testimonies for Students?and Workers of our Sanitariums (1911)?{TM xii.12}[27]
17. The Unwise Use of Money and the Spirit of Speculation (1911)?{TM xii.13}[28]
18. The Nashville Sanitarium (1912)?{TM xii.14}[29]
19. The Spirit of Sacrifice (1913)?{TM xii.15}[30]
To this list are sometimes added two times which did not carry the “Series B” identification:?{TM xii.16}[31]
20. Appeals for Unity (1912)?{TM xii.17}[32] 21. Recreation (cir. 1913)?{TM xii.18}[33]
With objectives quite different from the envelope-size?Special Testimony?Pamphlets of the 1890’s, and appearing in a larger page size, these were from the outset designated as?Special Testimonies, Series B. Their predecessors of the 1890’s, with messages for ministers and workers, became known as “Series A,” Although not so designated at the time of publication.?{TM xii.19}[34]
General matter of lasting usefulness to the church, as first published in “Series B” articles, was?Subsequently embodied in volumes 8 and 9 of?Testimonies for the Church, and in?Counsels on Health, Counsels on Stewardship, Medical Ministry, and?Selected Messages. Two articles from the “Series B” Collection appear in this volume. They are:?Jehovah Is Our King, 477-484?and?Testimonies to the Church Regarding Individual Responsibility and Christian Unity, 485-505.?{TM xii.20}[35]
Working over a period of many years, Mrs. White often repeated certain lines of counsel. To reprint all that had appeared in the earlier pamphlets and writings would burden the reader with a repetition of subject matter and also with the details of local or personal matters not now of general significance. Concerning the material selected for this volume, the preface to the first edition stated:?“The Committee have earnestly and prayerfully sought to present in the one modest volume the best and strongest of the tract-printed matter, and believe that the portions omitted are more than covered by that which has been gathered from other tracts of limited circulation.”?{TM xiii.1}[36]
Those responsible for this third edition of?Testimonies to Ministers?say with the Publishers in 1923 that this convenient volume is sent forth with the earnest prayer that it may be, to all to whom it may come, a source of instruction in the deep things of God; that it may revive the hopes and energies of God’s people; that it may help to bring reformation of life where needed, and in all of us the Christian graces that will reveal Christ to the world; and that it may bring us all nearer together by bringing us all closer to the heart of our blessed Lord.?{TM xiii.2}[37]
The Board of Trustees of the Ellen G. White state.Washington, D.C.May 10, 1962.[38]
【Historical Foreword】
As noted in the preface to this third edition,?Testimonies to Ministers?consists of materials drawn from several sources, primarily Ellen G. White articles which have appeared in the?Review and Herald?and pamphlets bearing testimonies to the Battle Creek church and to the leading workers of the cause. The larger part of the content of this volume was written in the years 1890-1898, with some earlier and later materials drawn in to augment certain areas of counsel. Section I, “The Church of Christ,” gives assurance of the tender regard in which God holds his church, and contains clear-cut promises of the church’s triumph. This is followed by?Warnings and Counsels to Ministers and Administrators.?{TM xv.1}[39]
The decade of the 1890’s was an interesting, yet in some ways distressing, period in the experience of Seventh-day Adventists. The church was growing, more than doubling its membership in the ten-year period. With rapidity its workers were entering new countries. Institutions at home and abroad were brought into being. The original provisions for organization devised at the first General Conference session in 1863 were being rapidly outgrown. Older established institutions were expanding and entering upon a period of popularity with both Seventh-day Adventists and the world. This growth was fraught with many perils, from liberalism on one hand to consolidation and centralization on the other hand. Then, in and through the experience of this period, there were elements reflecting the aftermath of the 1888 General Conference session held in Minneapolis, Minnesota,?where certain doctrinal issues were discussed heatedly and at length. A number of men identified themselves with one camp or the other, with their decisions influenced not alone by the doctrinal arguments presented, but also molded by attitudes toward the spirit of prophecy counsels. In some cases these attitudes were not wholesome. Through most of this period, Ellen White was in Australia, laboring to build up the work in that newly entered land and leading out in the establishment of a college and a sanitarium in that continent.?{TM xv.2}[40]
This volume bears the title of?Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers. It is not devoted essentially to instruction as to how the work of the minister should be conducted, as is?Gospel Workers. This volume contains messages given to admonish, warn, reprove, and counsel the ministers of the church, with special attention given to perils peculiar to men who stand in positions of responsibility. Some of the reproofs are severe, but the assurance is given that God in his chastening, “wounds only that he may heal, not cause to perish.”—Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers, 23.?{TM xvi.1}[41]
The reproofs and counsels directed to ministers and especially administrators were not published initially by Ellen G. White, but rather by the President of the General Conference, and later the General Conference Committee. For the most part they were messages directed originally to the President of the General Conference, O. A. Olsen, and his associates in administrative work, particularly in Battle Creek. He and his committee placed them in print that their fellow ministers and fellow administrators might have the benefit of the reproofs which pointed out wrongs, and the counsels and encouragement associated with the reproof.?{TM xvi.2}[42]
【A Review of Significant History】
As we review certain situations in our church history which form the background for the messages of the 1890’s, we uncover clues which enable us better to understand these messages. Let us turn back the pages of history and look at some important developments.?{TM xvii.1}[43]
From the very outset, Sabbath-keeping Adventists were characterized by their eagerness to understand God’s will and to walk in his way. In their Advent experience of the mid-1840’s they had witnessed the stable Protestant churches, with their creedal stakes firmly driven, turn from great truths taught in the word of God. Many of these Adventists had been cast out of these churches because of their Advent hope, a hope which sprang from the Scriptures. They had seen their former brethren enter into active opposition to those who held and expounded Bible truths. This led them to be fearful of formality and church organization. But as the way began to open for the heralding of the third angel’s message, the need for organization developed, and in January, 1850, Ellen White was shown that the Sabbath-keeping Adventists should bring their work into order, for “everything in heaven was in perfect order.”—Manuscript 11, 1850.?{TM xvii.2}[44]
Earnest efforts to bring about church organization spanned the decade of the 1850’s. They culminated in 1860 in the choice of the name “Seventh-day Adventists,” And, in 1861, in plans for the organization of local churches and state conferences. Then in 1863, the state conferences were bound together in the General Conference. Painstaking care was exercised to avoid the first step in forming a creed, for it was apparent that the church could not have creedal stakes firmly?Driven, and at the same time be free to follow God’s opening providences as revealed through a study of the word of God and the revelations of the Spirit of prophecy. An excellent statement reviewing God’s providence in instituting church order appears on pages 24-32.?{TM xvii.3}[45]
At the time of the organization of the General Conference in 1863, a General Conference Committee of three men was chosen. The major interests of the church consisted of the several state conferences and a publishing house located at Battle Creek, Michigan. In the evangelistic field, increasing success came to Seventh-day Adventist ministers. Their work consisted mainly in preaching the distinctive truths of the gospel message, including the Sabbath, the state of the dead, the second advent, and the sanctuary. Many of the men were drawn into discussions and debates involving the law of God and other vital Bible truths. Imperceptibly, not a few of those who engaged in such discussions became self-reliant, and there developed in their hearts a spirit of sureness, self-dependence, and argumentativeness. In time this bore unwholesome fruit.?{TM xviii.1}[46]
【Institutional Development】
Institutional development followed quickly on the heels of the organization of the General Cnference. In the vision given to Ellen White in December, 1865, a medical institution was called for, and in response the leaders opened a small health institute in Battle Creek in September, 1866. Less than a decade later, in the messages which came from the pen of Ellen White, a school was called for. In 1874, Battle Creek College was built. Thus three major institutional developments forged ahead in Battle Creek, drawing an ever-enlarging number of Seventh-day Adventists into?a rapidly growing denominational center. Men of business experience were called in to care for the business interests of the institutions. As the business interests expanded and developed and prospered, some of these men came to trust more in their business acumen than in God’s messages of guidance. To them, business was business.?{TM xviii.2}[47]
Before a decade had passed the denomination was confronted with a struggle between the interests of an educational program founded on Spirit of prophecy principles and the educational program of the world, guided by men steeped in worldly policies and methods.?{TM xix.1}[48]
The pioneers of the Seventh-day Adventist Church were largely self-made men. They were men of consecration, ability, and skill. One has but to read their writings to discern this. But, knowing the limitations of their scholastic backgrounds, they were inclined to feel very humble. When there came into their midst in the early 1880’s an educator bearing his degrees, it is not surprising that he should be pushed ahead into the position of leadership in the educational work. Elevated quickly to a position of high trust at a time when he knew but little of the doctrines and history of Seventh-day Adventists, he was found to be unprepared for the responsibilities placed upon him.?{TM xix.2}[49]
The issues became painfully acute, with leaders and laymen in Battle Creek taking sides. Some were swept off their feet by the leadership of an educator with his degrees, while others endeavored to stand with those things set forth in the Spirit of prophecy counsels. The outcome was disastrous to the college and to the experience of those involved. Battle Creek College was closed for a year. Things said and positions taken left their marks on the experience of not a few leaders and church members.?{TM xix.3}[50]
It was in this period that the articles comprising?Testimonies for the Church 5:9-98, were published, first in a pamphlet entitled?Testimony for the Battle Creek Church. This pamphlet included not only that which was later republished in volume 5, but also more personal references dealing with individuals and situations in Battle Creek. One needs but to read the titles to sense the atmosphere of the times. The second chapter, “Our College,” carries subheadings, “The Bible as a Textbook,” “Object of the College,” and “Teachers in the College.” Following chapters are entitled: “Parental Training,” “Important Testimony,” “The Testimonies Slighted,” “Workers in our College,” “Jealousy and Faultfinding Condemned.”?{TM xx.1}[51]
These were difficult days, and as Ellen White went the following year into the 1883 General Conference session at Battle Creek, she was divinely led to give a series of morning addresses to Seventh-day Adventist ministers, presenting practical lines of counsel. Significantly, among these was one devoted to “Christ our Righteousness.” (See?Selected Messages 1:350-354.) These historic circumstances form part of the background for the E. G. White counsels found in this volume.?{TM xx.2}[52]
【The 1880’s—A Period of Notable Advance】
Although the church had sent J. N. Andrews to Europe in 1874, while it was engaged in building the college, not until the decade of the 1880’s did the church move into a period of notable missions advance and institutional development. In 1882 two new schools were started, one at Healdsburg, California, and the other at South Lancaster, Massachusetts. In 1885 the publishing work was established in Basel,?Switzerland, in the newly built central publishing house. The same year workers were sent to Australia, and soon the Echo Publishing Company was established in Melbourne. The personal presence of Ellen G. White in Europe in the years 1885-1887 brought strength and encouragement to the work in the countries she visited.?{TM xx.3}[53]
As one reviews certain points in the development of denominational history, there grows upon him an awareness of the reality of the conflict between the forces of righteousness and the forces of evil. The church which had emerged was the remnant church of prophecy, with God’s message for the times. The great adversary did all within his power to bring the work to naught.?{TM xxi.1}[54]
【The Setting of the 1888 Minneapolis Conference】
One of the enemy’s most effective measures was to lead good men to take positions which ultimately brought hindrance to the work they loved. This was seen in the spirit which developed in the hearts of men who engaged in discussions and debates. It was seen in the experience of businessmen connected with the cause. It was seen in the experience of missionaries going out to new countries, who, with narrow concepts of the work, found it difficult to move forward in the way God would have them take. It was seen in the tendency shown by some to depend upon the leaders at Battle Creek for guidance in the minute affairs of a far-flung mission work. It was seen in the way leading men at Battle Creek, heavily burdened with institutional work, attempted to give detailed direction to the work in distant lands of which they knew little.?{TM xxi.2}[55]
As the Seventh-day Adventist Church came to the?Close of the year 1887, it had a total world membership of 25,841, with twenty-six local conferences and one mission in North America and four local conferences and six missions overseas. The General Conference Committee consisted of seven men, the Committee having been cautiously enlarged in 1882 from three members to five and in 1886 from five to seven. To take care of the legal business of the cause, the General Conference Association had been formed with a Board of five Trustees. Various branches of the work had developed into somewhat autonomous organizations, such as the “International Sabbath School Association,” The “Health and Temperance Association,” and the “International Tract and Missionary Association.” As has been noted, for two years, mid-1885 to 1887, Ellen White had been in Europe. Now she was back in the United States, residing at her Healdsburg, California, home. There were two publishing houses in operation in the United States: the Review and Herald in Battle Creek, Michigan, and the Pacific Press in Oakland, California. Each of these publishing houses did considerable commercial work to keep its equipment and personnel fully employed, and thus to maintain facilities needed for denominational printing. At each of these offices a leading journal was published,?The Review and Herald?in Battle Creek and?Signs of the Times?In Oakland.?{TM xxi.3}[56]
During the preceding year or two some differences of opinion had been expressed in articles appearing in these journals, concerning the law in Galatians. In each case the editors of the journals championed opposing positions. Ellen White, while still in Switzerland, wrote to the editors of?Signs of the Times?counseling against publishing articles with conflicting views. This message is to be found in?Counsels to Writers and Editors, 75-82.?{TM xxii.1}[57]
【The General Conference of 1888】
The General Conference session of 1888 was called for Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 17 to November 4. This was preceded by a week-long Biblical Institute, at which there were discussions as to whether the Huns or the Alemanni should constitute one of the ten kingdoms of?Daniel 2 and 7, and?Revelation 13. Uriah Smith, editor of the?Review and Herald, took a certain position and A. T. Jones, editor of?Signs of the Times, took another. E. J. Waggoner, also from the Pacific Press, conducted studies on the atonement and the law of God, and Elder Jones presented justification by faith. These discussions continued into the session itself, and occasionally there was bitter disputation. Some of the ministers had come to the conference to debate certain questions, rather than to study truth. Ellen White was present, and she called for all to approach these presentations with open hearts and open minds. She urged a careful, prayerful study of the topics under discussion.?{TM xxiii.1}[58]
Somehow the issues came to be identified with certain men. To many, the message of righteousness by faith struck home, and there was a response of heart and soul which led to victorious experience in personal Christian living. There were others who identified themselves with certain cautious and conservative leaders from Battle Creek who saw what they thought were perils in some of the teachings presented. When the conference came to a close, these men had failed to gain the blessing God had in store for them.?{TM xxiii.2}[59]
There is no record of the discourses which were presented at the conference by others than Ellen G. White, for it was not the custom of that time to publish the addresses. A?General Conference Bulletin?was?issued, but it was a simple sheet carrying news about the events of the conference and presenting the business proceedings. No action was taken on the Biblical questions discussed.?{TM xxiii.3}[60]
At that meeting Elder O. A. Olsen was elected president of the General Conference, but he was in Europe during the conference. On November 27, 1888, William C. White, a member of the General Conference Committee, wrote Elder Olsen that “the delegates at the close of the meeting carried away very different impressions. Many felt that it was one of the most profitable meetings that they ever attended; others that it was the most unfortunate conference ever held.”?{TM xxiv.1}[61]
【Differing Attitudes Toward Righteousness by Faith】
Ellen White was much in the field during the next two years, endeavoring to lead the churches and conferences to a deeper, fuller understanding of the important message of righteousness by faith. She spoke of this Bible truth as one which, though “new to many minds,” was in reality “old truth in new Framework.”—Ellen G. White,?The Review and Herald, July 23, 1889, reprinted in?Selected Messages, B. 1, p. 355.?{TM xxiv.2}[62]
She was able to report during the following General Conference session, held in Battle Creek from October 18 to November 5, 1889, that “the spirit that was in the meeting at Minneapolis is not here. All moves off in harmony. There is a large attendance of delegates. Our five O’clock morning meeting is well attended, and the meetings good. All the testimonies to which I have listened have been of an elevating character. They say that the past year has been the best of their life; the light shining forth from the word?of God has been clear and distinct—justification by faith, Christ our righteousness. The experiences have been very interesting.?{TM xxiv.3}[63]
“I have attended all but two morning meetings. At eight O’clock Brother Jones speaks upon the subject of justification by faith, and great interest is manifested. There is a growth in faith and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.”—Ellen G. White?Manuscript 10, 1889, published in?Selected Messages 1:361.?{TM xxv.1}[64]
Unfortunately, several among the leaders of our work connected with the General Conference and our institutions at Battle Creek ranked themselves on the negative side and established in the very heart of the work of the church a hard core of resistance. Within the next few years, many of those who had placed themselves in this camp saw their mistake and made heartfelt confessions. But there were some who stubbornly resisted. Some of these, connected with the business interests of the church and our institutions, made their influence felt well through the 1890’s. It was of such that Ellen White in 1895 wrote as recorded on?page 363: “The righteousness of Christ by faith has been ignored by some; for it is contrary to their spirit, and their whole life experience.”?{TM xxv.2}[65]
In this volume, from?page 76?and onward, frequent reference will be found to Minneapolis and its aftermath, and to the experience of some who were involved.?{TM xxv.3}[66]
At the session of 1888, the General Conference Committee was materially changed. O. A. Olsen was called from Europe to take the presidency of the General Conference, replacing George I. Butler. Elder Butler was ill, and, although not present at the Minneapolis Conference session, had placed himself?with those on the negative side of the issue. He went into a period of retirement and cared for his invalid wife for ten years or more, then made a good comeback and again occupied positions of responsibility in the denomination.?{TM xxv.4}[67]
Elder Olsen, a man in full sympathy with the emphasis placed on the truth of righteousness by faith, and one who was ever loyal to the spirit of prophecy counsels, found it difficult to meet certain of the problems at Battle Creek. Particularly hard were problems arising from the rapid development of institutions and the enlargement of the work in Battle Creek to the detriment of the work elsewhere.?{TM xxvi.1}[68]
【Consolidation and Its Attendant Problems】
At the General Conference session of 1889, consideration was given to problems arising from the operation of two large publishing houses, one in Battle Creek and the other on the Pacific Coast. A committee of twenty-one was appointed to give study to the consolidation of the denomination’s publishing interests. The action also called for consideration of a similar organization “for the purpose of controlling all our educational interests and owning the property, thus bringing them under one general management; also, another to control our health institutions.”—The General Conference Bulletin, Nov. 6, 1889, 149. This committee brought its report to the session of 1891. The proposal made was that the General Conference Association, as the corporation formed to represent the legal interests of the church, should take over all the publishing interests and operate the publishing houses from one headquarters. It was recognized that with the larger interests to be placed in the hands of this?legal association, the membership should be enlarged to twenty-one. These proposals were adopted by the conference.?{TM xxvi.2}[69]
Subsequent records indicate that steps were taken to consolidate the church’s worldwide activities, which had been under the management of various committees, and place them under the control of the General Conference Association with its committee of twenty-one.?{TM xxvii.1}[70]
The leading officers of the General Conference Committee were also leading officers of the General Conference Association. However, with the members of both committees usually scattered throughout the world, the routine business fell largely into the hands of a few men in Battle Creek, some of whom were deeply involved in the business interests of the institutions there.?{TM xxvii.2}[71]
Not all that was contemplated in the action calling for consolidation came about, but sufficient did materialize to start a train of movement toward consolidation and to load the General Conference Association with the financial obligations of the publishing houses, tract societies, educational institutions, and sanitariums throughout the world. With a full meeting of the committee held only rarely, it was inevitable that routine decisions affecting the interests of the cause throughout the world were made by a handful of men in Battle Creek—often no more than four, five, or six men. In her communications Ellen G. White protested the moves toward consolidation, and other moves which did not bear God’s endorsement. (See?Life Sketches, Pages 319-330, chapter, “Danger in Adopting Worldly Policy in the Work of God.”)?{TM xxvii.3}[72]
The situation at Battle Creek, involving both institutions and the General Conference, seems to be?well summed up in the article, “Thou Shalt Have No Other Gods Before Me,” written in September, 1895, and appearing on pages 359-364. The reader would do well to peruse this carefully.?{TM xxvii.4}[73]
The E. G. White communications to Elder Olsen, president of the General Conference and of the General Conference Association, contained many messages of reproof to those who would take upon themselves the responsibility of making decisions touching so intimately the work of the denomination around the world. Much of this instruction sent to Elder Olsen is to be found in?Testimonies to ministers. As noted above, he put the messages into print, that the instruction and warning might be sent to others.?{TM xxviii.1}[74]
【Far-Reaching Publishing-House Problems】
Unfortunately the step of expediency taken in our publishing work in early years, which led the publishing houses to take in commercial work, deeply involved these institutions in the mere business of printing. It reached the point at times when approximately 70 percent of the printing was commercial work and 30 percent denominational printing. Those responsible for the financial interests of the publishing houses envisioned the work in their hands as that of printers, and this led them to accept for publication manuscripts of a character which should never have been printed on the presses of the church. (See?Testimonies for the Church 7:161-168, chapter “Commercial work,” and?Selected Messages 2:350, 351, “The Perils of Hypnosis.”)?{TM xxviii.2}[75]
At the same time, some men in responsible positions in the publishing work turned from important basic principles which had governed our institutions in the remuneration of its personnel. It was reasoned that?the work had reached its state of prosperity because of the special skills and talents of those who served in managerial lines; therefore these men should be favored by special remuneration more in keeping with their positions in management. As a result, certain men in key positions received remuneration double that of a skilled factory worker.?{TM xxviii.3}[76]
The same spirit led the management of the publishing house at Battle Creek to take every step within its power to gain control of the literary products it handled, and this resulted in cutting off a fair royalty income to authors of the books published by the house. In this way the income of the publishing house was enhanced. It was argued that those in positions of management in the publishing house were in a better position to understand the needs of the cause, and know how to use profits which came from literature, than were the individual authors. The authors, they felt, might fall short in proper stewardship of royalty incomes. In several communications, Ellen White, writing to those in positions of management, pointed out that selfishness motivated such plans. Counsel in this area is found in?Testimonies for the Church 7:176-180.?{TM xxix.1}[77]
【General Conference President Publishers Testimonies】
The influence of selfish, grasping methods and the exercise of “kingly power,” as Ellen G. White termed it, were contagious. Elder Olsen, president of the General Conference, in his hope that he could stay the evil work of such influences, made available to the ministers of the church many of the messages of counsel which came to him and other leaders in Battle Creek during this critical period. These messages, published in pamphlet form, were sent out as special?instruction to ministers and workers. They were often prefaced by an earnest statement signed by the president of the General Conference or by the Committee. In Elder Olsen’s introduction to the second of these numbered pamphlets, written about 1892, he states:?“We feel it our duty again to send you some selections from recent writings from Sister E. G. White that have not as yet been in print, and also to call attention to some very important extracts from writings which have already been published. We do this to bring the truths contained therein fresh to your minds. They are worthy of most careful consideration....?{TM xxx.1}[78]
“For three years the Spirit of God has been especially appealing to our ministry and people to cast aside their cloak of self-righteousness and to seek the righteousness which is of God by faith in Christ Jesus. But, oh, how slow and hesitating we have been.... The testimony and earnest entreaties of the Spirit of God have not found a response in our hearts that God designed they should. In some instances, we have felt free even to criticize the testimony and warnings sent by God for our good. This is a serious matter. What is the result?—It is a coldness of heart, a barrenness of soul, that is truly alarming.?{TM xxx.2}[79]
“Is it not time to raise a voice of warning? Is it not time for each individual to take these things home to himself and ask, ‘Is it I?’...?{TM xxx.3}[80]
“In the following testimony, our dangers are again pointed out to us in a way that we cannot misunderstand them. The question is, will we take heed to the counsel of God and seek Him with all the heart, or will we treat these warnings with the neglect and indifference that we have many times in the past? God is in earnest with us and we must not be slow to respond.”?{TM xxx.4}[81]
To the sixth of these pamphlets, Elder Olsen wrote on November 22, 1896, these introductory words:?“During the past few months, I have received a number of communications from Sister E. G. White, which contain most valuable instruction to myself and to all our laborers; and knowing that all the workers connected with the cause of present truth would be benefited personally and helped in their work by having this instruction, I have collected this matter, and had it printed in this little tract for their benefit. It is not necessary that I ask for it a careful and prayerful study, for I know it will receive this.”?{TM xxxi.1}[82]
It was not an easy task for Ellen White to pen such stirring messages of rebuke and reproof, nor was it easy for the recipients to accept these messages as applying in the personal experience and then set about to make the corrections which were called for. They were published in the 1890’s by the president of the General Conference and by the General Conference Committee as pamphlets, that all ministers might be warned. Then materials were republished in the body of?Testimonies to Ministers?In 1923, to keep before every Seventh-day Adventist minister and administrator perils which could seriously militate against the interests of the work of God.?{TM xxxi.2}[83]
Ellen White did not implicate each minister and administrator by the message of rebuke. “How my heart goes out in rejoicing,” she wrote, “for those who walk in humility of mind, who love and fear God. They possess a power far more valuable than learning or eloquence.”—Page 161. Here and there through the articles in this volume she speaks of “some” Who have taken the wrong course, “some” who have been unresponsive to the messages which God has sent.?{TM xxxi.3}[84]
The counsels warning against the exercise of “kingly?power” and authority, the counsels that man should not look to his fellowmen for guidance in every detail of the work, are carefully balanced with counsels concerning independence of spirit and action, as recorded on pages 314-316. It is urged that conference presidents should be trusted and sustained, as recorded on pages 327, 328.?{TM xxxi.4}[85]
These are the backgrounds of the 1890’s and of the messages in?Testimonies to Ministers. This is the picture of the conditions which were worsening from month to month, from year to year, as the Seventh-day Adventist church, pushing forward in an ever-widening evangelistic, institutional, and missions program, approached the turn of the century.?{TM xxxii.1}[86]
【The General Conference of 1901】
Ellen G. White, just back in the United States after a nine-year sojourn in Australia, was invited to attend the General Conference session of 1901, held in Battle Creek. It was the first session she had attended in a ten-year period. The president of the General Conference, G. A. Irwin, made his opening address. Then Ellen White pressed to the front of the assembly, desirous of speaking. Earnestly she addressed the conference, pointing out the manner in which the work of God had been circumscribed as a few men in Battle Creek carried the responsibility of a work far beyond their grasp. She testified that these men and the cause were injured as they encouraged others to look to them for guidance in every phase of the work. She pointed out that there were some men in responsible places who had lost the spirit of consecration so essential to their work. At that meeting she cried out, “What we want now is a reorganization. We want to begin at the foundation and build on a different principle.”—The General Conference Bulletin, April 3, 1901.?{TM xxxii.2}[87]
What took place in the ensuing three weeks is a thrilling story. The message was heeded. Carefully the brethren went to work. Union conferences were formed, binding local conferences together in smaller units, with the responsibilities carried by men in the field. The several associations which represented the branches of general church activity, such as the Sabbath school work and the home-missionary work, took steps to become departments of the General Conference. The General Conference Committee, consisting of thirteen men, was enlarged to twenty-five. In 1903 the committee was further enlarged to include those connected with the newly organized departments of the General Conference. Within a few years’ time, five hundred men were carrying the responsibilities that prior to the General Conference of 1901 had been carried by a handful of men.?{TM xxxiii.1}[88]
Through this reorganization, provision was made for those who were in local fields to make decisions relating to the work in hand. So sound were the foundations laid, that when continued growth made it advisable, the denomination was able to move without any great problems into the development of divisions of the General Conference. In this plan, great areas of the world field were knit together, union conferences becoming units in the division organization.?{TM xxxiii.2}[89]
【Battle Creek Institutions Suffer God’s Judgments】
Unfortunately, not all of the counsels sounded by Ellen White at that General Conference session of 1901 were heeded. Changes which should have been made in two of the institutions at Battle Creek were not made. Before twelve months rolled around, during the night of February 18, 1902, the sanitarium burned.?Before 1902 passed, the publishing house was also in ashes. This great loss of denominational property was recognized as a judgment from God, inflicted because men failed to heed and follow the counsel given. Warnings had been sounded, but they had gone unheeded. Now God spoke in a way that none could misunderstand.?{TM xxxiii.3}[90]
The church headquarters was moved away from Battle Creek with its attendant problems and, in the providence of God, established in Washington, D.C. The publishing house was reestablished in the capital of the nation, and the leaders resolved that the time of the employees and equipment should be devoted 100 percent to the publication of the message of the church. The sanitarium was rebuilt in Battle Creek, but unfortunately its great interests were soon wrested from the church. Battle Creek ceased to be the denominational center, as the world headquarters was transferred to Takoma Park.?{TM xxxiv.1}[91]
【“Except as We Shall Forget”】
The closing section of this volume is drawn essentially from communications written in 1907 and 1914. Ellen White had occasion to review “vital principles of relationship,” particularly in the article “Jehovah Is Our King,” a message she read at the Southern California camp meeting in August, 1907; and the article, “Individual Responsibility and Christian Unity,” read by her at the 1907 session of the California Conference held in January. These articles recapitulate the points comprising the main themes of the volume. These counsels, restated, reminded all that to lose sight of these principles would imperil the church.?{TM xxxiv.2}[92]
History can repeat itself, and human beings can be guilty of forgetting. Earnest endeavors have been made?to avoid a repetition of the mistakes made at Battle Creek. Wrote Mrs. White, “We have nothing to fear for the future except as we shall forget the way the Lord has led us.”—Page 31. The administrators and ministerial laborers of the church have ever before them these messages of warning and admonition, to help them avoid making the mistakes of former years. And, closely associated with these more specific warnings, are general warnings relating to the high moral and spiritual plane of the work of the minister.?{TM xxxiv.3}[93]
The messages in this volume, dealing so intimately with the hearts and souls of those who stood as shepherds of the flock and of those who carried administrative responsibilities, would apply today only if the conditions described existed again. None should err in applying the reproofs to all ministers at any and all times. Nor should the intimate knowledge of some of the problems and crises met through the years ever dim our confidence in the glorious triumph of the cause of God.?{TM xxxv.1}[94]
Ellen white, to whom God had revealed the secrets of the hearts of men and the weaknesses and deficiencies of humanity, did not lose confidence in God’s chosen workmen. To her, the fact that God sent messages of reproof to those who erred, was not an indication that they were forsaken, but rather an evidence of God’s love, “for whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.” Nor did the setbacks which came to the cause as the battle raged between the forces of evil and the forces of righteousness leave her with despondency of heart, for she discerned that “we have as Bible Christians ever been on gaining ground” (Selected Messages 2:397), and that “The God of Israelis still guiding his people, and that he will continue to be with them, even to the end” (Life Sketches of Ellen G. White, 437, 438).?{TM xxxv.2}[95]
This foreword is designed to inform the reader as to the historical setting of the contents of this volume. There are a number of references to specific experiences, movements, and institutions, that may seem somewhat obscure to us who live so many decades away from the events. To give information which will guide to a better understanding of such references, appendix notes have been supplied.?{TM xxxvi.1}[96]
It is not the work of the custodians of the Ellen G. White writings to explain or interpret the counsels which have been given. It is their privilege and at times their responsibility to present the historical setting of certain situations, and to present in their context other counsels which may help the reader to understand better and thus rightly to interpret the writings. That this may be accomplished, and that the church under God-fearing leaders may go forward in triumph for the finishing of the precious work of God, is the sincere wish of the?{TM xxxvi.2}[97]
The Board of Trustees of theEllen G. White Estate.Washington, D.C.May 10, 1962[98]